居家运动方案在老年骨质疏松合并衰弱患者中的应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.10.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨居家运动方案在老年骨质疏松合并衰弱患者中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2022年3月—8月在江苏省南京市某三级医院骨质疏松门诊招募52例符合老年骨质疏松合并衰弱的患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为试验组和对照组，每组各26例，试验组给予居家运动方案，对照组给予常规护理，比较两组在干预12周和24周后简易体能状况量表得分、握力、衰弱量表得分和中国人骨质疏松症专用生存质量量表得分，同时比较干预24周后两组骨密度。结果在干预12周和24周后，试验组简易体能状况量表得分、握力、衰弱量表和中国人骨质疏松症专用生存质量量表得分均优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；试验组全髋骨密度高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论居家运动方案能够提高老年骨质疏松合并衰弱患者的躯体功能和上肢力量，改善其衰弱状态，提升其生活质量。

关键词: 居家运动, 骨质疏松, 衰弱, 老年人, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the application effect of multi-component home-based exercise in elderly patients with osteoporosis and frailty. Methods A total of 52 elderly patients with osteoporosis and frailty were recruited from the osteoporosis clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nanjing，Jiangsu Province from March to August 2022 using the convenience sampling method. Subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group with 26 cases in each group by the random number table. The experimental group was given the home-based exercise program，while the control group maintained the daily lifestyle. Short Physical Performance Battery（SPPB），grip strength，Frail Scale and Chinese Osteoporosis-targeted Quality of Life Questionnaire（COQOL） of the 2 groups were compared at 12 weeks and 24 weeks，and bone mineral density（BMD） was analyzed after 24-week intervention. Results The scores in the experimental group had significant statistical differences in SPPB，grip strength，Frail Scale and COQOL compared with those in the control group after 12-week and 24-week intervention（P<0.05）. The BMD of total hip of the experimental group was significantly higher than it in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The home-based exercise program can help the elderly with osteoporosis and frailty to improve the physical function and upper body strength，improve the frailty state，and enhance the quality of life，and it may be one of the effective intervention methods to prevent and reverse the frailty state of osteoporosis patients.

Key words: Home-Based Exercise, Osteoporosis, Frailty, Aged, Nursing Care

宗小燕, 朱灵智, 王雪菲, 莫永珍, 许家仁, 欧阳晓俊. 居家运动方案在老年骨质疏松合并衰弱患者中的应用研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(10): 1171-1179.

ZONG Xiaoyan, ZHU Lingzhi, WANG Xuefei, MO Yongzhen, XU Jiaren, OUYANG Xiaojun. Application of a home-based exercise program in elderly patients with osteoporosis and frailty[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(10): 1171-1179.

图/表 6

表1 老年骨质疏松合并衰弱患者居家运动方案

Table 1 Home-based exercise program for the elderly with osteoporosis and frailty

表2 两组一般资料的比较

Table 2 Comparison of general data in the 2 groups

表3 两组干预前后简易体能状况量表得分及各维度得分比较[M（P25，P75）]

Table 3 Comparison of SPPB scores and various dimensions scores between the 2 groups before and after intervention[M（P25，P75）]

表4 两组患者干预前后握力和衰弱得分比较[M（P25，P75）]

Table 4 Comparison of grip and frailty scores strength between the 2 groups before and after intervention[M（P25，P75）]

表5 两组干预前后中国人骨质疏松症专用生存质量量表得分比较（分，

\bar{x} \pm s

）

Table 5 Comparison of COQOL scores between the 2 groups before and after intervention（score，

\bar{x} \pm s

）

表5 两组干预前后中国人骨质疏松症专用生存质量量表得分比较（分， $\bar{x} \pm s$ ）

Table 5 Comparison of COQOL scores between the 2 groups before and after intervention（score， $\bar{x} \pm s$ ）

表6 两组干预前后不同部位骨密度的T值比较

Table 6 Comparison of T values of bone mineral density in different parts between the 2 groups before and after intervention

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