基于信息-动机-行为技巧的护理干预对早产儿父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能的影响

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.12.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨基于信息-动机-行为技巧（information-motivation-behavior，IMB）模型的护理干预对晚期早产儿父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能的影响。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2021年10月—2022年2月在太原市某三级甲等医院分娩后立即转入新生儿科的86名晚期早产儿的父亲作为研究对象，依据早产儿住院时间，将2021年12月—2022年2月的43名父亲作为试验组，2021年10月—11月的43名父亲作为对照组。试验组在常规护理基础上实施基于IMB模型的护理干预方案，对照组接受常规护理方案。比较两组父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表得分，父亲母乳喂养知识、态度和行为问卷得分，泌乳不足发生率及纯母乳喂养率的差异。结果试验组出院前24 h、出院后1个月父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表得分高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。试验组出院前24 h父亲母乳喂养知识、行为维度得分高于对照组；产妇泌乳不足发生率低于对照组；早产儿校正胎龄40周、3个月和6个月的纯母乳喂养率高于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论基于IMB模型的护理干预可有效提高晚期早产儿父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能及母乳喂养知识、行为水平，降低父亲照顾产妇及早产儿的压力，从而提高早产儿纯母乳喂养率。

关键词: 信息-动机-行为技巧模型, 早产儿, 父亲支持, 母乳喂养, 儿科护理学

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effect of information-motivation-behavioral（IMB） model on self-efficacy of fathers of late preterm infants in support of breastfeeding. Methods A total of 86 fathers of late preterm infants who were transferred to the neonatology department immediately after delivery in a tertiary A hospital in Taiyuan City from October 2021 to February 2022 were conveniently selected as the research objects. According to the length of hospitalization，43 fathers from December 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the experimental group. 43 fathers from October to November 2021 were used as a control group. The experimental group received IMB model based on routine nursing，and the control group received routine nursing. The scores of self-efficacy of paternal breastfeeding support and exclusive breastfeeding rate were compared between the 2 groups at different time points. The scores of breastfeeding knowledge，behavior and attitude of the 2 groups were compared，as well as the incidence of insufficient lactation. Results The self-efficacy scores of fathers supporting breastfeeding in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group at discharge and 1 month after discharge，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.001）. With the extension of time，the self-efficacy scores of each group increased gradually. The scores of fathers’ breastfeeding knowledge and behavior at discharge in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group；the incidence of maternal insufficient lactation in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group；the exclusive breastfeeding rate of preterm infants at 40 weeks，3 months and 6 months of adjusted gestational age was higher than that in the control group；the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion Nursing intervention based on IMB model can effectively improve the self-efficacy and scores of breastfeeding knowledge，behavior and attitude of fathers of late preterm infants to support breastfeeding，reduce the pressure of fathers to take care of mothers and preterm infants，so as to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of premature infants.

Key words: Information-Motivation-Behavioral Model, Prematurity, Paternal Support, Breast Feeding, Pediatric Nursing

郑佳颖, 张静, 李鹏, 李颖. 基于信息-动机-行为技巧的护理干预对早产儿父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能的影响[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(12): 1427-1434.

ZHENG Jiaying, ZHANG Jing, LI Peng, LI Ying. Effect of health education based on information-motivation-behavior model on paternal self-efficacy of support breastfeeding of late prematurity[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(12): 1427-1434.

图/表 4

表1 两组父亲、产妇及晚期早产儿的一般资料比较

Table 1 Comparison of general data of fathers，mothers and late preterm infants between the 2 groups

表2 两组不同时间点父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表得分比较（分，$\bar{x}\pm s$）

Table 2 Comparison of total self-efficacy scores of fathers in support of breastfeeding between the 2 groups（score，$\bar{x}\pm s$）

表3 两组父亲母乳喂养知识、行为及态度问卷得分比较[分，M（P25，P75）]

Table 3 Comparison of breast-feeding knowledge， behavior and attitude scores of fathers between 2 groups[scores，M（P25，P75）]

表4 两组产妇泌乳不足发生率及纯母乳喂养率比较（%）

Table 4 Comparison of the incidence of insufficient lactation and the rate of exclusive breastfeeding between the 2 groups（%）

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