轻度认知障碍患者记忆力下降体验的质性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.10.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨轻度认知障碍患者记忆力下降的体验,为临床护理人员开展护理干预提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法,选取2021年5月—6月北京市某三级甲等医院神经内科门诊的9例轻度认知障碍患者作为研究对象进行半结构访谈,采用现象学研究中Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料分析。结果轻度认知障碍患者记忆力下降的体验可归纳为3个主题：记忆力下降的疾病感知（轻视与否认的态度、反思与溯源的自省、互动关系的改变）;记忆力下降的情感体验（焦虑与恐惧情绪的产生、自我效能感的降低、自我开解态度的形成、对未来的期待）;记忆力下降的应对策略（生活方式的应对、体力与脑力活动的应对、未来规划的应对）。结论应加强对轻度认知障碍患者记忆力下降医疗知识的普及,关注其情感需求,给予心理疏导、家庭支持和社会支持,并进行个性化的认知干预,促进其认知改善,提高生活质量。

关键词: 轻度认知障碍, 记忆力下降, 体验, 质性研究, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the real experience of mild cognitive impairment patients with memory decline,and to provide references for clinical staff to carry out follow-up medical nursing intervention. Methods Using objective sampling method,9 patients with mild cognitive impairment in the Department of Neurology of a tertiary hospital in Beijing from May to June 2021 were selected as the research subjects for semi-structured interviews,and the data were analyzed by Colaizzi 7-step analysis method in phenomenological research. Results The real experience of memory loss in patients with mild cognitive impairment can be summarized into 3 themes：disease perception of memory loss（attitude of contempt and denial,introspection of reflection and traceability,and change of interactive relationship）;emotional experience of memory decline（generation of anxiety and fear,reduction of self-efficacy,formation of self enlightening attitude,expectation of facing the future）;coping strategies for memory loss （lifestyle coping,physical and mental activity coping,future planning coping）. Conclusion We should strengthen the popularization of medical knowledge about memory loss in patients with mild cognitive impairment,pay attention to their emotional needs,give psychological counseling,family support and social support,and carry out personalized cognitive intervention to promote their cognitive improvement and return to family and society.

Key words: Mild Cognitive Impairment, Impairment of Memory, Experience, Qualitative Research, Nursing Care

田思颖, 常红, 李佩佩, 张欣悦, 乔雨晨, 王蕊, 孙静, 于燕, 杨璇. 轻度认知障碍患者记忆力下降体验的质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(10): 1206-1212.

TIAN Siying, CHANG Hong, LI Peipei, ZHANG Xinyue, QIAO Yuchen, WANG Rui, SUN Jing, YU Yan, YANG Xuan. A qualitative study on emotional experience of patients with mild cognitive impairment[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2022, 57(10): 1206-1212.

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