脊髓血管畸形术后患者出院准备度现况及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.22.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查脊髓血管畸形术后患者出院准备度现况并分析其影响因素，为提升患者出院准备度提供参考。方法便利选取北京市某三级甲等综合医院2022年1月—2025年5月住院治疗的198例脊髓血管畸形术后患者作为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、出院指导质量量表、慢性病管理自我效能量表和出院准备度量表进行调查，通过广义线性模型分析脊髓血管畸形术后患者出院准备度的影响因素。结果最终回收有效问卷192份，有效问卷回收率为96.97%。192例脊髓血管畸形术后患者的出院准备度总分为85.50（69.25，99.00）分。广义线性模型分析结果显示，家庭人均月收入、工作状况、出院脊髓运动情况、慢性病管理自我效能、出院指导质量、住院时长、出院日常生活自理能力是脊髓血管畸形术后患者出院准备度的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论脊髓血管畸形术后患者出院准备度处于中等偏上水平，有待进一步提高，医护人员应根据患者出院准备度的影响因素，制订个性化的出院指导方案，进一步提升患者出院准备度。

关键词: 脊髓血管畸形, 出院准备度, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To study the readiness for discharge of patients after spinal vascular malformation （SAVM） surgery and explore its influencing factors. Methods Using convenience sampling，we selected 198 patients who underwent spinal vascular malformation surgery at a tertiary A general hospital in Beijing between January 2022 and May 2025 and met the inclusion criteria. A general data questionnaire，Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale，Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale，and the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-item scale were used to investigate and analyze the influencing factors. Results In this study，192 valid questionnaires were collected，achieving a recovery rate of 96.97%. The total score of readiness for discharge in patients after spinal vascular malformation surgery was 85.50（69.25，99.00）. Generalized linear model analysis revealed that family monthly income per capita，work status，spinal motor function at discharge，chronic disease self-efficacy，quality of discharge instructions，hospital stay duration，and self-care ability at discharge were the main influencing factors （P<0.05）. Conclusion The readiness for hospital discharge of patients with SAVM after surgery is at an upper-middle level and needs to be further improved. Medical staff should formulate personalized hospital guidance plans according to the influencing factors of patients’ readiness for hospital discharge to further improve patients’ readiness for hospital discharge.

Key words: Spinal Vascular Malformation, Readiness for Discharge, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

关欣, 赵媛媛, 于慧, 高雅, 欧梦仙, 赵诚. 脊髓血管畸形术后患者出院准备度现况及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(22): 2709-2715.

GUAN Xin, ZHAO Yuanyuan, YU Hui, GAO Ya, OU Mengxian, ZHAO Cheng. Current status and influencing factors of discharge readiness in patients with spinal vascular malformation after surgery[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(22): 2709-2715.

图/表 4

表1 脊髓血管畸形术后患者的一般资料及出院准备度的单因素分析（n=192）

Table 1 Univariate analysis of general data and discharge readiness in patients with spinal vascular malformation after surgery（n=192）

表2 脊髓血管畸形术后患者出院准备度量表总分及各维度得分情况（n=192）

Table 2 The total score and dimension scores of RHDS in patients with spinal vascular malformation after surgery（n=192）

表3 自变量赋值方式

Table 3 Independent variable assignments

表4 脊髓血管畸形术后患者出院准备度的广义线性模型分析结果（n=192）

Table 4 Generalized linear model analysis of discharge readiness in patients with spinal vascular malformation after surgery（n=192）

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