孤独症患儿家长赋能现状及其影响因素分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.10.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查孤独症患儿家长赋能现状,并探讨其影响因素。方法 2021年1月—8月,在遵义市某特殊儿童康复机构,运用一般资料调查问卷、中文版特殊儿童家长赋能量表、Zarit照顾者负担量表、中文版特殊儿童家长需求量表及K10心理健康状况量表调查320名孤独症患儿家长。结果中文版特殊儿童家长赋能量表总分为（84.75±14.85）分,家庭管理维度得分为（21.50±3.78）分、自我效能维度得分为（18.27±3.68）分、利用服务的能力维度得分为（13.94±3.46）分、利用服务的行为维度得分为（11.49±2.98）分、对服务系统的了解维度得分为（10.38±2.94）分、倡导改善服务维度得分为（9.17±2.96）分;多重线性回归结果显示,患儿康复治疗费用报销、照顾者负担、家长需求、心理健康状况是孤独症患儿家长赋能的主要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论孤独症患儿家长赋能现状有待改善,采用医保报销加残联补助方式报销的家长赋能水平较高;当家长照顾负担越重,需求越高,心理健康状况越差,其赋能水平越低。未来可参照影响因素制订孤独症患儿家长赋能的干预措施,减轻患儿家长的照护负担。

关键词: 孤独症患儿, 家长赋能, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of family empowerment of children with autism,and to explore the influencing factors. Methods 320 families of children with autism were surveyed by the General Information Questionnaire,the Chinese version of the Empowerment Scale for Families of Special Children,the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale,the Chinese version of the Needs of Parents of Children with Special Needs Scale and the K10 Mental Health Status Inventory. Results The total empowerment score of the families of children with autism was（84.75±14.85）,and the scores of each dimension were family management（21.50±3.78）,self-efficacy（18.27±3.68）,ability to use services（13.94±3.46）,behavior of using services（11.49±2.98）,knowledge of the service system （10.38±2.94）,and advocacy for service improvement（9.17±2.96）;multiple linear regression results showed that reimbursement of rehabilitation treatment,caregiver burden,needs of parents of children with special needs,and mental health status were the main influencing factors for empowerment of families of children with autism（P<0.05）. Conclusion The current situation of family empower-ment of children with autism needs to be improved. Medical insurance reimbursement plus disability association subsidy has higher score of parental empowerment than fully self-pay;when the parental care burden is higher and the needs score and mental health status score are higher,the level of parental empowerment is lower. In the future,we can develop interventions for parental empowerment of children with autism,in order to reduce the care burden of parents,meet their needs,and improve their psychological status.

Key words: Children With Autism, Parental Empowerment, Route Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

王先伟, 蒲亨萍, 杨光会, 范延欣, 郑启秘, 姚青芳. 孤独症患儿家长赋能现状及其影响因素分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(10): 1219-1224.

WANG Xianwei, PU Hengping, YANG Guanghui, FAN Yanxin, ZHENG Qimi, YAO Qingfang. Analysis of the current situation of family empowerment of children with autism and its influencing factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2022, 57(10): 1219-1224.

图/表 5

表1 孤独症患儿家长赋能得分情况（n=308）

Table 1 Scale and dimension scores（n=308）

表2 孤独症患儿家长赋能单因素分析（n=308）

Table 2 Univariate analysis of empowerment of families of children with autism（n=308）

表3 孤独症患儿家长心理健康状况、照顾负担、家长需求与家长赋能的相关性分析（r 值）

Table 3 Correlation analysis of mental health status,caregiving burden,parental needs and parental em-powerment of parents of children with autism（r value）

表4 自变量赋值情况

Table 4 Assignment of independent variables

表5 孤独症患儿家长赋能多重线性回归分析（n=308）

Table 5 Results of multiple linear regression analysis of factors influencing empowerment of families of children with autism（n=308）

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