中华护理杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (4): 511-515.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2019.04.006

• 专科实践与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

综合护理干预在妊娠期糖尿病高危人群中的应用

勾宝华,关惠敏,高立研,丁冰杰,毕研霞   

  1. 100069 北京市 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院妇产科(勾宝华,关惠敏,高立研),营养科(丁冰杰,毕研霞)
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-17 出版日期:2019-04-15 发布日期:2019-04-03
  • 作者简介:勾宝华:女,本科,副主任护师,护士长,E-mail: goubaohua@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院护理专项(yyqdkt2017-54)

The effects of comprehensive nursing intervention on gestational diabetes mellitus in high-risk pregnant women

Baohua GOU,Huimin GUAN,Liyan GAO,Bingjie DING,Yanxia BI   

  • Received:2018-05-17 Online:2019-04-15 Published:2019-04-03

摘要:

目的 探讨综合护理干预对妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)高危人群患GDM的预防作用。方法 采用随机对照研究方法,将GDM高危人群随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组在对照组干预措施基础上,实施综合护理干预,干预措施包括建立微信公众号进行GDM健康宣教和答疑、体重的监测与指导、定期随访、营养科医生指导等。对照组接受常规产检护理。所有研究对象发放孕期保健手册,参加至少1次“孕期营养与体重管理”课程,并发放“生活习惯及膳食调查表”,填写后回收。随访研究对象直至分娩。记录并比较两组糖耐量筛查试验血糖值、孕前BMI、孕期增重、GDM发病率及妊娠结局。结果 实验组GDM发病率为19.9%,对照组GDM发病率为33.6%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组孕期增重低于对照组,巨大儿发生率低于对照组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组剖宫产率和早产比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论综合护理干预可以有效控制GDM高危人群发展为GDM,减少孕期体重增长,降低巨大儿发生率。

关键词: 糖尿病, 妊娠, 综合护理, 高危人群, 产科护理, 干预性研究

Abstract:

Objective To explore the preventive effects of comprehensive nursing intervention on gestational diabetes mellitus in high-risk pregnant women.Methods It was a randomized controlled trial. High-risk pregnant women were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. In addition to nursing care in the control group,the experimental group received comprehensive nursing intervention,including:the establishment of WeChat public account for health education and answering questions,monitoring and guidance of weight,regular follow-up,guidance from a nutritionist. The control group received routine obstetric care. All subjects received pregnancy care manual,participated the course of “nutrition and weight management during pregnancy” at least once,and received a questionnaire about lifestyle and diet. The subjects were followed up until delivery. The blood glucose of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test(75 g OGTT),BMI before pregnancy,weight at delivery,occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus,and pregnancy outcomes were recorded.Results The incidence of gestational diabetes in the experimental group was 19.9%,it was 33.6% for the control group,and the difference was significant(P<0.05). The weight gain of the experimental group was lower than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the incidence of macrosomia in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of cesarean section and premature delivery between two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention in early pregnancy can effectively reduce the incidence of GDM in high risk population,reduce weight gain during pregnancy,and reduce the incidence of macrosomia.

Key words: Diabetes, Gestational, Comprehensive Nursing Care, High Risk Population, Obstetrical Nursing, Intervention Studies