妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖管理决策行为及影响因素的研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.09.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM）孕妇血糖管理决策行为现况并探讨其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2019年9月—2020年7月采用一般资料调查表、GDM血糖管理保护动机问卷、GDM血糖管理知识问卷和GDM血糖管理决策行为问卷对上海市和江苏省6所医院的1 127例GDM孕妇进行调查。结果 GDM孕妇的血糖管理决策行为问卷得分为（69.30±6.85）分,处于高水平。多元线性回归分析结果表明,孕周、严重性、易感性、反应效能、自我效能、反应代价是GDM孕妇血糖管理决策行为的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论临床护理人员应增强GDM孕妇血糖管理的保护动机,尤其是处于孕晚期的孕妇,通过提高GDM孕妇对疾病严重性及血糖管理不良行为易感性的认知,并激励孕妇在血糖管理过程中的反应效能和自我效能,减少血糖管理中可能的障碍因素,以改善孕妇血糖管理决策行为。

关键词: 妊娠期糖尿病, 保护动机, 血糖管理, 决策行为, 影响因素, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To describe the status of blood glucose management decision-making behavior of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）and to explore its influencing factors. Methods A total of 1 127 pregnant women with GDM from 6 hospitals in Shanghai and Jiangsu province were investigated with the blood glucose management protection motivation questionnaire,knowledge questionnaire,decision-making behavior questionnaire and general information questionnaire. Results The score of decision-making behavior in blood glucose management of pregnant women with GDM was 69.30±6.85,which is at a high level. Gestational age,vulnerability,severity,response efficacy,self-efficacy and response costs were influencing factors of blood glucose management decision-making behavior in pregnant women with GDM（P<0.05）. Conclusion Nursing professionals should strengthen GDM pregnant women’s protection motivation of blood glucose management,especially for women who during the third trimester. This study suggested that GDM women’s decision-making behavior of blood glucose management could be improved through increasing patient’s cognition of disease severity and vulnerability,enhancing response efficacy and self-efficacy,and reducing response costs.

Key words: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Protection Motivation, Blood Glucose Management, Decision-Making Behavior, Influencing Factors, Nursing Care

黄娜, 周英凤, 李丽, 刘巧艳, 朱佳蕾, 汪玲, 潘秀红, 郭娜菲. 妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖管理决策行为及影响因素的研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2021, 56(9): 1312-1317.

HUANG Na, ZHOU Yingfeng, LI Li, LIU Qiaoyan, ZHU Jialei, WANG Ling, PAN Xiuhong, GUO Nafei. The decision-making behavior and influencing factors of blood glucose management in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2021, 56(9): 1312-1317.

图/表 3

表1 调查对象的一般资料及血糖管理决策行为影响因素的单因素分析结果（n=1 127）

Table 1 The general information of the subjects and the results of univariate analysis on the influencing factors of blood glucose management decision-making behavior（n=1 127）

表2 调查对象血糖管理知识问卷、血糖管理保护动机问卷及血糖管理决策行为问卷得分（n=1 127）

Table 2 The scores of blood glucose management knowledge, protection motivation and decision-making behavior（n=1 127）

表3 调查对象血糖管理决策行为影响因素的多元线性回归分析结果（n=1 127）

Table 3 Multiple regression analysis of blood glucose management decision-making behavior（n=1 127）

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