群组孕期保健模式在妊娠期糖尿病孕妇分娩结局中的效果研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.09.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨群组孕期保健模式对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇分娩结局的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2018年5月—12月在太原市某三级甲等妇幼专科医院建卡并规律产检的孕妇作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组各92例。试验组采用群组孕期保健模式,对照组采用常规孕期保健模式,比较两组干预后血糖水平、分娩结局、心理状态等方面的差异。结果干预后试验组空腹血糖（t=-4.286、P=0.021）及餐后2 h血糖（t=-3.512、P=0.039）均低于对照组,且试验组血糖下降水平更明显;试验组自然分娩率（ χ ²=7.276）、会阴损伤率（ χ ²=7.698）、巨大儿发生率（ χ ²=5.821）均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。干预后试验组焦虑自评量表得分为（37.63±5.62）分、对照组为（50.67±8.69）分,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义（t=5.374,P=0.039）;干预后试验组抑郁自评量表得分为（41.16±3.12）分、对照组为（54.13±4.22）分,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义（t=7.125,P=0.044）。结论群组孕期保健模式可有效提高妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的自然分娩率,改善分娩结局,减少负性情绪的发生。

关键词: 群组孕期保健模式, 妊娠期糖尿病, 产前保健, 分娩结局, 焦虑, 抑郁, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effect of group pregnancy health care model on the delivery outcome of pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Methods The convenience sampling method was adopted to select pregnant women who had established a card and had regular obstetric check-ups in a tertiary A-level maternity and child hospital in Taiyuan from May to December 2018 as the research subjects. The random number table method was used to divide them into an experimental group and a control group,with 92 cases in each group. The experimental group adopted the group pregnancy health care model,and the control group received the conventional pregnancy health care model to compare the differences in delivery outcomes and psychological status between 2 groups after intervention. Results After the intervention,the fasting and 2 h post-meal blood glucose levels of 2 groups were lower than those before the intervention（t=-4.286、P=0.021）,and the blood glucose level of the experimental group decreased significantly（t=-3.512、P=0.039）;the natural delivery rate of the experimental group（χ ²=7.276）,the perineum injury rate（χ ²=7.698） and the incidence of macrosomia（χ ²=5.821） were lower than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The anxiety scale score in the experimental group was（37.63±5.62） points,and（50.67±8.69） in the control group. The difference between 2 groups was statistically significant（t=5.374,P=0.039）;the depression scale score in the experimental group was（41.16±3.12）points and （54.13±4.22）in the control group,and the difference between 2 groups was statistically significant（t=7.125,P=0.044）. Conclusion Compared with the traditional model,the group pregnancy health care model can effectively increase the natural delivery rate of pregnant women with gestational diabetes,improve the delivery outcomes,and reduce the occurrence of negative emotions.

Key words: Group Health Care Model During Pregnancy, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Prenatal Care, Childbirth Outcome, Anxiety, Depression, Nursing Care

燕美琴, 王娇, 刘亦娜, 张慧君, 任永莲. 群组孕期保健模式在妊娠期糖尿病孕妇分娩结局中的效果研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2021, 56(9): 1305-1311.

YAN Meiqin, WANG Jiao, LIU Yina, ZHANG Huijun, REN Yonglian. Observation on the effect of group health care model during pregnancy in childbirth outcome of pregnant women with gestational diabetes[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2021, 56(9): 1305-1311.

图/表 5

表1 群组孕期保健课程的具体内容

Table 1 Group pregnancy health care program

表2 两组一般资料比较

Table 2 General data comparison of the two groups

表3 两组干预前后血糖水平比较（mmol/L,$\bar{x}$±s）

Table 3 Comparison of changes in blood glucose levels between the two groups before and after intervention（mmol/L,$\bar{x}$±s）

表4 两组分娩结局比较[例（百分率,%）]

Table 4 Comparison of two-component delivery outcomes[case（percentage,%）]

表5 两组干预前后心理状态比较（分,$\bar{x}$±s）

Table 5 Comparison of mental status between the two groups before and after intervention （score,$\bar{x}$±s）

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