积极心理干预对孕妇分娩恐惧和总体幸福感的影响

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.24.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨基于PERMA模式的积极心理干预对孕妇分娩恐惧及总体幸福感的影响。方法便利选取2021年9月—11月在山西省某三级甲等专科医院规律产检的118名孕妇作为研究对象，按建档先后顺序分为试验组59名和对照组59名。试验组在对照组的基础上进行基于PERMA模式的积极心理干预；对照组接受常规的健康教育。比较两组干预前后分娩恐惧和总体幸福感水平。结果试验组57名、对照组59名完成本研究。干预后，试验组Wijma分娩预期与经验问卷得分为（46.21±4.04）分，低于对照组的（63.02±2.43）分；总体幸福感量表得分为（80.07±3.02）分，高于对照组的（71.32±3.18）分，两组比较，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。产后7 d，试验组Wijma分娩预期与经验问卷得分为（36.07±5.02）分，低于对照组的（57.32±2.30）分；总体幸福感量表得分为（85.88±3.31）分，高于对照组的（72.59±3.20）分，两组比较，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。随着时间的推移，孕妇分娩恐惧逐渐下降，总体幸福感逐渐增高，两组存在时间和组间的交互作用（P <0.001）。结论基于PERMA模式的积极心理干预具有趣味性和娱乐性，契合当代孕妇的心理需求，能够有效地降低孕妇的分娩恐惧，提高总体幸福感。

关键词: 积极心理干预, 孕妇, 分娩恐惧, 总体幸福感, 产科护理

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effect of PERMA model-based positive psychological interventions on maternal labor fear and overall well-being of pregnant women. Methods From September to November 2021，118 pregnant women who received regular obstetrical check-up in a tertiary A specialized hospital in Shanxi Province were selected as the research subjects，and they were divided into an experimental group with 59 cases and a control group with 59 cases according to the sequence of filing. The experimental group was given the positive psychological intervention based on PERMA model on the basis of the control group. The control group received routine health education. The levels of fear of childbirth and general well-being were compared between the 2 groups before and after the intervention. Results 57 subjects in the experimental group and 59 in the control group completed the study. After the intervention，the score of Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire（W-DEQ） in the experimental group was（46.21±4.04） points，which was significantly lower than that in the control group of（63.02±2.43） points. The score of General Well-Being Schedule（GWBS） was（80.07±3.02） points，which was significantly higher than that in the control group of（71.32±3.18） points. The differences were statistically significant（P<0.001）. 7 days after the delivery，the W-DEQ score of the experimental group was（36.07±5.02） points，which was significantly lower than it in the control group of（57.32±2.30） points；the GWBS score of（85.88±3.31） points was significantly higher than it in the control group of（72.59±3.20） points. The differences were statistically significant（P<0.001）. Conclusion The formulation process of the nursing intervention program based on PERMA model is rigorous and scientific with clinical practicability. The interventions are interesting and entertaining to some extent，which meet the psychological needs of contemporary pregnant women，and can effectively help clinical nursing staff reduce the fear of childbirth and improve the overall well-being of pregnant women.

Key words: Positive Psychological Intervention, Pregnant Women, Fear of Childbirth, General Well-Being, Obstetrical Nursing

燕美琴, 闫高慧, 任永莲, 曹馨月, 费也珊. 积极心理干预对孕妇分娩恐惧和总体幸福感的影响[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(24): 2957-2963.

YAN Meiqin, YAN Gaohui, REN Yonglian, CAO Xinyue, FEI Yeshan. Effects of positive psychological interventions on maternal labor fear and general well-being[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2022, 57(24): 2957-2963.

图/表 3

表1 两组一般资料的比较[例（百分比，%）]

Table 1 Comparison of general data of 2 groups[case（percentage，%）]

表2 两组干预前后Wijma分娩预期与经验问卷得分比较（分，$\bar{x}\pm s$）

Table 2 Comparison of Wijma delivery expectancy questionnaire scores between 2 groups before and after intervention（point，$\bar{x}\pm s$）

表3 两组干预前后总体幸福感量表得分比较（分，$\bar{x}\pm s$）

Table 3 Comparison of general well-being scores between 2 groups before and after intervention（point，$\bar{x}\pm s$）

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