关键词: 早产儿, 口腔吸吮功能, 变化趋势, 经口喂养, 新生儿护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the trajectory of oral sucking function of premature infants with gestational age and its relationship with oral feeding progression. Methods From April 2018 to April 2019，we conveniently selected premature infants from a tertiary children’s hospital in Shanghai，and used a self-developed oral sucking evaluation tool to measure the oral sucking function of premature infants when their corrected gestational age was 32~36 weeks. The measurement parameters included average sucking negative pressure peak，average sucking positive pressure peak，average sucking peak interval of negative pressure，average sucking peak interval of positive pressure，average sucking peak interval of positive pressure to negative pressure，number of sucking negative pressure，number of sucking positive pressure. At the same time，the time for premature infants to start and complete oral feeding was recorded，and the correlation between oral sucking function and corrected gestational age at 32 weeks was analyzed. Results A total of 132 premature infants completed the evaluation of oral sucking function and were finally included. The results showed that with the increase of gestational age，the amplitude and number of positive and negative sucking pressure of premature infants increased significantly（P<0.001），and the interval duration decreased significantly（P<0.001）. At the same time，the positive sucking pressure amplitude at the time of correcting the gestational age of 32w was negatively correlated with the gestational age of starting oral feeding（r=-0.217，P=0.040），and the negative sucking pressure duration at the time of correcting the gestational age of 32w was positively correlated with the gestational age of complete oral feeding（r=0.334，P=0.002）. Conclusion The positive sucking pressure and negative sucking pressure of premature infants showed the same trend with the increase of gestational age. The average sucking peak of negative pressure at 32 weeks of gestational age was negatively correlated with the time to start oral feeding，and the average sucking negative pressure peak interval was positively correlated with full oral feeding. Caregivers should pay attention to the peak of positive sucking pressure at the beginning of oral feeding readiness assessment and its effect on sucking frequency when performing oral motor interventions to promote full oral feeding.

Key words: Preterm Infants, Oral Sucking Function, Trajectory, Oral Feeding, Neonatal Nursing