青少年1型糖尿病患者饮食行为紊乱的调查研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.08.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查青少年1型糖尿病患者饮食行为紊乱现状并分析其影响因素。方法便利选取于2021年12月—2022年9月在南京市某三级甲等医院复诊的187例青少年1型糖尿病患者作为调查对象，使用一般资料调查表、修订版糖尿病饮食行为紊乱量表、糖尿病相关问题量表-5、青少年糖尿病优势与韧性量表、青少年自我控制双系统量表进行调查，了解其饮食行为紊乱现状，并采用多元线性回归分析相关影响因素。结果回收有效问卷174份。青少年1型糖尿病患者饮食行为紊乱得分为（21.25±10.93）分，饮食行为紊乱发生率为54.60%。多元线性回归分析结果显示，性别、BMI、心理痛苦、心理韧性和自我控制能力是饮食行为紊乱的影响因素。结论青少年1型糖尿病患者饮食行为紊乱处于较高水平。医护人员应定期评估患者的饮食行为，尤其是女性、肥胖或超重患者，通过纠正其病态的体型认知、增强其控制疾病的信心，帮助其积极应对压力，减少负性情感体验，进而降低饮食行为紊乱的发生率。

关键词: 1型糖尿病, 青少年, 饮食行为紊乱, 影响因素分析, 儿科护理学

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current situation of disordered eating behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus，and to analyze the influencing factors of disordered eating behaviors. Methods A total of 187 adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus were recruited from a tertiary hospital during follow-up by the convenient sampling method from December 2021 to September 2022. The General Information Questionnaire，the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised，the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale-5，the Diabetes Strengths and Resilience Measure for Adolescents，and the Dual-Mode of Self-Control Scale were used to explore the current status of disordered eating behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. We adopted the multiple linear regression model to analyze the influencing factors of disordered eating behaviors. Results 174 participants completed the questionnaires. The scores of disordered eating behaviors were（21.25±10.93） points. The incidence of disordered eating behaviors was 54.60%. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of disordered eating behaviors involved gender，BMI，mental distress，resilience，and self-control. Conclusion High disordered eating behaviors exist in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Medical practitioners should regularly evaluate patients’ disordered eating behaviors，especially female，obese or overweight patients. Through correcting the patients’ problematic body image cognition，and enhancing their confidence in disease control，medical staff could help them cope with stress positively，reduce negative emotional experiences，and further decrease the occurrence of disordered eating behaviors.

Key words: Type 1 Diabetes, Adolescents, Disordered Eating Behaviors, Root Cause Analysis, Pediatric Nursing

周美景, 王洪, 于健, 朱敏, 罗丹, 施云, 张梅, 徐晶晶, 杨涛. 青少年1型糖尿病患者饮食行为紊乱的调查研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(8): 956-962.

ZHOU Meijing, WANG Hong, YU Jian, ZHU Min, LUO Dan, SHI Yun, ZHANG Mei, XU Jingjing, YANG Tao. Study on the disordered eating behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and influencing factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(8): 956-962.

图/表 3

表1 青少年1型糖尿病患者的一般资料及饮食行为紊乱的单因素分析（n=174）

Table 1 General information and univariate analysis of disordered eating behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus（n=174）

表2 青少年1型糖尿病患者饮食行为紊乱与心理痛苦、心理韧性、自我控制能力的相关性分析（分，$\bar{x}±s$）

Table 2 Correlation analysis of disordered eating behaviors with diabetes distress，resilience and self-control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus（score，$\bar{x}±s$）

表3 青少年1型糖尿病患者饮食行为紊乱影响因素的多元线性回归分析

Table 3 Multiple regression analysis of disordered eating behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

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