阶段性经口喂养促进方案在胎龄小于32周早产儿中的应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.06.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨阶段性经口喂养促进方案在胎龄<32周早产儿中的应用效果。方法连续选取2020年1月— 12月上海市某三级甲等儿科医院NICU收治的128例胎龄<32周的早产儿作为研究对象，采用随机区组法分为试验组和对照组。试验组采用阶段性经口喂养促进方案进行喂养，对照组采用NICU常规喂养方法。比较两组达到完全经口喂养时、开始经口喂养时及首次经口摄入50%医嘱奶量时的日龄、纠正胎龄和体重，住院时间以及喂养相关并发症的发生情况。结果共脱落5例，最终试验组纳入61例，对照组纳入62例。试验组达到完全经口喂养时的纠正胎龄小于对照组；开始经口喂养及首次经口摄入50%医嘱奶量时的日龄、纠正胎龄小于对照组，体重低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组住院时间比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组均未发生喂养相关并发症。结论实施阶段性经口喂养促进方案有利于胎龄<32周的早产儿更早达到完全经口喂养。

关键词: 婴儿，早产, 重症监护病房，新生儿, 阶段性经口喂养, 完全性经口喂养, 个性化喂养, 新生儿护理学

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effect of a phased oral feeding promotion program in preterm infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks. Methods 128 preterm infants less than 32 gestational weeks admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit（NICU） of a tertiary Children’s Hospital in Shanghai from January to December 2020 were consecutively enrolled as the subjects of this study. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group by block method. The modified phased oral feeding promotion program was applied in the experimental group. The control group received the traditional feeding method. The days of life，corrected gestational age and weight of 2 groups at attaining full oral feeding，at the beginning of oral feeding and the first oral intake of 50% of the meal were compared. The hospital stays and the occurrence of feeding related complications were also compared. Results There were 5 cases lost，and finally 61 cases were included in the experimental group and 62 cases were included in the control group. The corrected gestational age at attaining full oral feeding in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group（P<0.05）. The days of life，corrected gestational age and body weight of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group at the beginning of oral feeding and the first oral intake of 50% of this meal（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference between 2 groups in hospital stay（P>0.05）. No feeding related complications occurred in 2 groups. Conclusion For premature infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks，the phased oral feeding promotion program can achieve full oral feeding at an earlier time.

Key words: Infants，Premature, Intensive Care Units，Neonatal, Phased Oral Feeding, Full Oral Feeding, Individualized Feeding, Neonatal Nursing

王丽, 吕天婵, 李丽玲, 窦亚兰, 王源, 李昭颖, 于玲, 唐熙, 姚莉莉, 宦夏, 胡晓静. 阶段性经口喂养促进方案在胎龄小于32周早产儿中的应用研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(6): 701-706.

WANG Li, LÜ Tianchan, LI Liling, DOU Yalan, WANG Yuan, LI Zhaoying, YU Ling, TANG Xi, YAO Lili, HUAN Xia, HU Xiaojing. Study on the application of a phased oral feeding promotion program in preterm infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(6): 701-706.

图/表 3

表2 两组达到完全经口喂养时的日龄、纠正胎龄和体重比较（n=123，$\bar{x}$±s）

Table 2 Comparison of full oral feeding of premature infants in 2 groups（n=123，$\bar{x}$±s）

表3 两组开始经口喂养时的日龄、纠正胎龄和体重比较（n=123，$\bar{x}$±s）

Table 3 Comparison of the status at oral feeding attempting in 2 groups（n=123，$\bar{x}$±s）

表4 两组首次经口摄入50%医嘱奶量时的日龄、纠正胎龄和体重比较（n=123，$\bar{x}$±s）

Table 4 Comparison of the status at the first oral intake of 50% of this meal in 2 groups（n=123，$\bar{x}$±s）

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