基于建构主义学习理论构建护士的死亡教育方案

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.11.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的以建构主义学习理论为视角,构建护士的死亡教育方案,为对护士进行死亡教育提供参考。方法 2020年7月开始通过文献内容分析法,初步拟订死亡教育方案草案,选取23名专家开展2轮专家函询,形成死亡教育方案初稿,通过预试验验证其可行性,并进一步修订形成死亡教育方案终稿。结果第2轮专家函询专家判断依据、专家熟悉程度、专家权威系数分别为0.92、0.89、0.91。死亡教育方案终稿包括4个主题、8种教育方法、22个条目：听见死亡（讲授+主题讨论）7个条目,看见死亡（观影体验+经验分享）5个条目,触碰死亡（情境模拟+价值澄清）5个条目,超越死亡（人生回顾+濒死体验）5个条目。各条目重要性评分均>3.5分,变异系数为0.04~0.18,两轮专家咨询肯德尔和谐系数（W）分别为0.174和0.465（均P<0.001）。结论该研究以建构主义学习理论为视角构建的护士的死亡教育方案具有较好的科学性、实用性和可行性,培训主题及目标层层递进,教学方法灵活开放,易于被护士接受,能够为死亡教育在护士中的实施提供参考依据。

关键词: 安宁疗护, 死亡教育, 建构主义理论, 德尔菲法, 护士, 教育, 护理, 继续

Abstract:

Objective From the perspective of constructivism learning theory,a death education program for nursing staff is constructed to provide references for the implementation of death education in nursing staff. Methods Since July 2020,through literature content analysis,the draft of the death education program was preliminarily formulated,and 23 experts were selected to carry out 2 rounds of expert letter consultations to form the first draft of the death education program. Finally,the final draft of the death education program was further revised through preliminary experiments. Results The expert judgment basis,expert familiarity coefficient and expert authority coefficient of the second round expert letter consultation are 0.92,0.89 and 0.91. The final version of the intervention program consisted of 4 themes,8 education methods and 22 items,including 7 items in hearing death（lecture+topic discussion）,5 items in seeing death（watching experience + experience sharing）,5 items in touching death（scenario simulation + value clarification）,and 5 items in beyond death（life review + near-death experience）. The importance score of each item was >3.5,and the coefficient of variation was between 0.04 and 0.18. The coordination coefficient（W） of the 2 rounds of expert consultations was 0.174 and 0.465,respectively （all P<0.001）. Conclusion From the perspective of constructivism learning theory,this study constructed a death education program for nurses,which is scientific,practical and feasible. The training themes and objectives are progressive,and the teaching methods are flexible and open,which are easy for nurses to accept. It can provide references for the implementation of death education in nursing staff.

Key words: Palliative Care, Death Education, Constructivism, Delphi Techniques, Nurses, Education, Nursing, Continuing

李凤侠, 刘筝筝, 胡成文, 朱小明, 王晓倩, 孙娟, 黄洋. 基于建构主义学习理论构建护士的死亡教育方案[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2021, 56(11): 1685-1690.

LI Fengxia, LIU Zhengzheng, HU Chengwen, ZHU Xiaoming, WANG Xiaoqian, SUN Juan, HUANG Yang. Construction of a death education program for nursing staff based on constructivism learning theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2021, 56(11): 1685-1690.

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