Objective To compare the incidence of catheter-related venous thrombosis between midline catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters. Methods Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies on the incidence of venous thrombosis associated with midline catheters and PICC catheters were searched from CNKI，Wanfang database，VIP database，Web of Science，PubMed，Embase and Cochrane Library from inception to December 31,2022. Review Manager 5.4 software and Stata 14.0 software were used to analyse and describe the outcome indicators. Results A total of 16 studies were included，including 12 cohort studies and 4 randomized controlled studies，with 21853 subjects. The results of the Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of catheter-related venous thrombosis per thousand catheter days of midline catheters was statistically significant compared with PICC[RR=2.74，95%CI（1.21，6.21），P=0.016]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of catheter-related venous thrombosis compared with PICC[RR=0.85，95%CI=（0.70，1.03），P=0.101]. In the subgroups，the incidence of superficial vein thrombosis in the midline catheter was significantly different from that in the PICC[RR=2.36，95%CI=（1.56，3.58），P<0.001]. Conclusion The current evidence shows that the incidence rate of catheter-related venous thrombosis per thousand catheter days and superficial vein thrombosis was higher for midline catheters than PICCs. Therefore，in clinical practice，vascular access devices should be selected reasonably，and the occurrence and development of catheter-related superficial venous thrombosis should be paid attention to，and clinical screening should be effectively carried out on the basis of a full evaluation.
