Objective To form an expert consensus on management of palliative care wards （hereinafter referred to as the expert consensus） and to standardize the development，construction，management and other processes of palliative care wards in Hunan Province. Methods According to evidence-based methods，the literature related to the construction and management of hospice care wards was systematically searched in domestic and foreign guide websites or databases，with a search period from the establishment of the databases to January 2021. The relevant recommendation opinions were evaluated，extracted，and summarized to form a consensus draft. Through a round of expert consultations and 2 rounds of expert argumentation meetings，expert opinions were combined to modify and improve the content of each item to form an expert consensus final draft. Results The expert consensus includes 7 aspects，including environmental management，facilities and equipment management，personnel management，process management，infection prevention and control，safety management，quality evaluation and improvement. Conclusion The expert consensus can provide guidance for the standardization and institutionalization of the management of palliative care wards，and plays an active role in promoting the development of palliative care wards in Hunan Province.
Objective To form an expert consensus on family meeting in palliative care and provide references for the staff engaged in palliative care to implement family meeting. Methods A consensus drafting group was set up to systematically search，evaluate and extract evidence related to family meeting in palliative care to form a draft consensus. After 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultation and expert demonstration meetings，expert opinions were sorted out and analyzed，the rough draft was revised，and then the final consensus draft was formed. Results The positive coefficient of the first round of expert consultation was 92.11%，and the second round was 100%. The coefficient of expert judgment was 0.95；the degree of familiarity was 0.89；the degree of authority coefficient was 0.92. The Kendall’s coefficients of the 2 rounds of consultation were 0.157 and 0.253，which were statistically significant（P<0.001）. The final consensus consisted of 8 aspects，including the scope，terms and definitions，basic requirements，timing of family meetings，preparation before meetings，implementation of meetings，records and follow-up，and precaution. Conclusion The consensus is practical，and it can provide guidance for the standardized implementation of family meeting in palliative care.
Objective To standardize the packaging techniques of reusable medical instruments in central sterile supply departments. Methods From October 2021 to August 2022，the Professional Committee of the Central Sterile Supply Department of Chinese Nursing Association addresses the key problems of reusable medical instruments packaging. On the basis of clinical practice，literature analysis and the operation experience of the national central sterile supply department experts，we made the initial version of Expert Consensus on Packing Techniques of Reusable Medical Instruments（hereinafter referred to as the Consensus）. Experts were invited to complete 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultations and 3 rounds of expert meetings. Each item was adjusted，revised and improved，and the final version of the Consensus was formulated. Results The positive coefficients of experts in 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultations were all 100%，and the degrees of expert authority were 0.957 and 0.973，respectively. The average importance value of each item was higher than 4.00；the variation coefficient of each item was less than 0.25. The Kendall’W were 0.181 and 0.338，respectively（all P<0.001）. Finally，an agreement was reached on the terms and definitions，basic principles，personnel requirements，environmental requirements，packaging equipment requirements，packaging materials and sterilization monitoring material requirements，packaging auxiliary tools requirements，pre-packaging evaluation，packaging operation and packaging quality confirmation of the reusable medical devices packaging techniques. Conclusion The Consensus covers all aspects of the reusable medical instruments packaging techniques，which is highly practical and scientific，and it also helps to guide the sterile supply professionals to standardize the implementation of packaging techniques，improve the quality of aseptic supplies，and ensure the quality of medical treatment and the life safety of patients.
Objective To develop an intravenous thrombolysis nursing guideline for acute ischemic stroke as a guiding tool for the implementation of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke，and to provide a reference for the practice and management of nursing in the standardization of thrombolytic therapy. Methods According to the method of evidence-based nursing practice guidelines，the draft of intravenous thrombolysis nursing guidelines for acute ischemic stroke was constructed. The draft guidelines were reviewed by experts using the catalogue of Clinical Guidelines Research and Evaluation System Ⅱ. According to the results and suggestions of expert review，the guidelines were modified to form the formal guidelines. Results The recommendations included 5 aspects，namely hospital organization management，disease observation，observation and treatment of complications，posture and bed-leaving activities，and quality management. Conclusion The guidelines for intravenous thrombolysis nursing in acute ischemic stroke are evidence-based guidelines based on the best evidence，clinical practice and the judgment of professionals，and can be used as a practical basis for clinical medical staff to make scientific decisions on intravenous thrombolysis therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Objective The aim is to establish an expert consensus（hereinafter referred to as "Consensus"）on safety management of transfusion connection and port protection devices for vascular access，to prevent catheter related bloodstream infection and provide patients with safe，effective and standardized intravenous therapy. Methods Using evidence-based methods，according to the level of evidence，the evidence in this field was searched，evaluated and summarized，and relevant recommendations and research conclusions were extracted，and then the first draft of consensus was formed. Through a round of Delphi expert consultation and 2 rounds of expert meetings，opinions from domestic experts in many fields and disciplines were sought and integrated；the content was adjusted and the consensus was reached. Results The positive coefficient is 100%；the authoritative coefficient is 0.92；the average value of each index is more than 4；the coefficient of variation is less than 0.22. The Kendall’s harmony coefficient of the expert’s opinion is 0.35（ χ2=144.44，P<0.001）. A consensus recommendation on the classification and maintenance of infusion connection devices was reached. Conclusion The Consensus is scientific，which can provide a reference for the safety management of transfusion connection and port protection devices in China，and provide a basis for clinical decision-making to prevent catheter related bloodstream infection.
Objective To form an expert consensus on suicide nursing interventions for inpatients with depression in psychiatric departments,standardize the contents of suicide nursing interventions for depression patients in psychiatric departments. Methods Evidence-based methods and literature analysis were used to extract recommendations and research conclusions of suicide nursing interventions for inpatients with depression,and the consensus draft was formed. After 2 rounds of expert letter consultation and 2 expert discussions,the draft was adjusted,modified and improved,and the final draft of the consensus was formed. Results The positive coefficients of the experts in 2 rounds of letter consultation were 100%;the authority degree of the experts was 0.924;the mean values of importance of each index were >3.5 points;the coefficient of variation was<0.25;the Kendall harmony coefficients of the experts were 0.182 and 0.260,respectively（P<0.01）. Finally,the operational definition,suicide risk assessment,intervention form and time,theoretical basis of intervention,general principles of intervention,suicide impression intervention,suicidal behavior intervention,key points of intervention in special populations,evaluation of intervention effect and post-discharge evaluation of suicide care in hospitalized patients with depression were analyzed. A total of 11 components of the health education program were agreed upon. Conclusion The consensus provides the guidance for the suicide nursing interventions of psychiatric inpatients with depression,so that the suicide nursing intervention of psychiatric inpatients with depression is more standardized.
Objective To form an expert consensus on parenteral nutrition safety infusion, and standardize the operation process of clinical parenteral nutrition safety infusion,so as to reduce the parenteral nutrition complications. Methods On the basis of the evidence-based method,we searched the high level evidence about the parenteral nutrition safety infusion in databases such as UpToDate,BMJ Best Practice,National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,Guidelines International Network,National Guideline Clearinghouse,Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario,Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism,American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,China Guide Network,Joanna Briggs Institute,China Biomedical Literature Network,VIP,Wanfang,CNKI,PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,Embase. The retrieval period is from the establishment of the databases to January 2021. Studies were evaluated and collected; relevant recommendations and research results were selected to form the draft of the expert consensus. Experts were invited to complete 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultations and 2 rounds of expert meetings. Each item was revised and improved through 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultations and expert meetings,and the final draft of the consensus was formed. Results The positive coefficient of experts in the 2 rounds of correspondence consultations were 100%; the expert authority coefficients were 81.00% and 89.50% respectively,and the coordination coefficients of expert opinions were 0.13 and 0.15 respectively. Finally,the consensus summarizes the latest evidence on 4 aspects of multidisciplinary team formation,evaluation,operation norms,and complication management. Conclusion The establishment of the consensus can provide a reference for the standardization of safe infusion of parenteral nutrition in clinical practice to ensure patient safety and improve service quality.
Objective To establish a consensus on perioperative urospesis nursing of patients with intracavitary surgery for urinary tract calculi. Methods A consensus developing group was established,and the first edition of the "Expert consensus on perioperative urosepsis nursing of patients with intracavitary surgery for urinary tract calculi"（hereinafter referred to as the "consensus"） was formed after a large amount of literature review and collation,online expert consultation and group discussion. Domestic medical experts from urology,minimally invasive operating rooms and intensive care units were invited to discuss and revise the "consensus" for 2 rounds,and then peer review was conducted,and finally the "consensus" was completed. Results The final version of the "consensus" comprises 3 major sections,namely the preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative,which covers high-risk factors,prevention,identification,condition monitoring and nursing intervention,with a total of 21 items. The positive coefficients for the 2 rounds of consultations were 100%. The coefficients of judgment,familiarity and authority in the 2 rounds of consultations were 0.975,0.960 and 0.968,respectively. In the 2 rounds of expert consultations,the importance assignments of each items were（4.847±0.304） and（4.888±0.212）,and the overall Kendall’s coefficients were 0.232 and 0.287,respectively. Conclusion The "consensus" integrates the suggestions of multidisciplinary experts with a certain degree of practicality,representativeness and scientificity. It can provide guidance for clinical nursing practice of patients with perioperative urosepsis of intracavitary surgery for urinary tract calculi.
Objective The aim of this work is to establish the expert consensus（hereinafter referred to as“consensus”） on clinical practice of injection safety in hemodialysis,to standardize the clinical practice of injection safety in hemodialysis and ensure patient safety during hemodialysis treatments. Methods Reviewing relevant literature and evidence-based nursing,summarizing the clinical work experience of care,we seeked for the best clinical evidence of injection safety. The consensus was performed by adjusting,modifying and perfecting each entry through three-round Delphi expert consultations and discussions. Results The consensus summarizes the latest evidence in 9 aspects,including environmental,personnel,syringes,safe administration of drugs,safe use of disinfectants,nursing practices on vascular access,specimen collection,medical waste and occupational safety,which covered all the elements and links in the hemodialysis therapy. In the three-round Delphi expert consultation and discussion,the positive coefficients were all 100% and the expert authority coefficients were all 0.928. The importance assignments were 4.38,4.45 and 4.68,respectively. The experts reached a fair degree of agreement. There were significant differences in experts’ coordination coefficients in the 3 rounds（P<0.05）. Conclusion The consensus shows certain scientific natrue,and it may provide evidence for injection safety in hemodialysis therapy in China.
Objective To explore the expert consensus on risk assessment and preventive nursing of venous thromboembolism（VTE） in general surgical patients. Methods This consensus was drafted through a systemic literature review on VTE prevention and the interviews of nursing experts. The draft was thereafter reviewed by a total of experts in related fields,and it was finalized after 2 rounds of expert consultation. Results 4 domains with 26 components were established through a modified Delphi method. The effective recovery of the ques-tionnaire was 100%;the expert judgment coefficient was 0.960;the familiarity was 0.912;the authority coefficient was 0.936. The Kendall coefficients of the first and second level topics in the 2 rounds were 0.149 and 0.261,and 0.122 and 0.203,respectively,with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. The consensus includes risk factors for VTE in general surgical patients,risk assessment,risk response,education and quality control,and it is applicable to perioperative patients of general surgery. Conclusion The consensus was based on the recommendations of 25 clinical nursing experts. The results are scientific,rigorous and authoritative,and can provide guidance for clinical nursing staff in the prevention and control of VTE in general surgical patients.
Objective To form an expert consensus of enteral feeding and nursing care for patients with severe neurological diseases,and to promote the standardized,safe and effective implementation of enteral feeding by neuro intensive nursing personnel,so as to provide effective nutritional support for patients. Methods The evidence in this field was searched,evaluated and summarized to extract the recommendations related to enteral feeding in patients with severe neurological diseases. The first draft of consensus was formed. Through 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultations and expert demonstration meetings,the expert suggestions were analyzed,modified and improved to form the final draft of consensus. Results The positive coefficient of inquiry experts was 100%;the coefficient of expert judgment was 0.93;the degree of familiarity was 0.88;the coefficient of authority was 0.91. The concordance coefficient of Kendall was 0.256~0.278,which was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The final consensus included the evaluation of enteral feeding care for patients with several neurological illness,selection of feeding methods,nutrient solution infusion,identification and care of complications,and indicators for terminating tube feeding. Conclusion This consensus provides guidance for clinical nursing practice and quality control of enteral feeding in critically ill patients.
Objective To form an expert consensus on the implementation and removal of psychiatric protective restraints,and to standardize the related contents of the implementation and removal of psychiatric protective restraints. Methods According to the level of evidence,the evidence-based method was used to retrieve,evaluate and summarize the evidence in the field. The recommendations and research conclusions for the implementation and removal of the psychiatric medical protective restraints were extracted,and the rough consensus was formed. Through 2 rounds of enquiry and 2 experts discussion meetings,the final version of the consensus was formed by combining with the expert opinions,adjusting,modifying and perfecting the first draft. Results The positive coefficients of experts in the 2 rounds of correspondence consultation were 100%;the degree of authority of experts was 0.90;the mean value of importance of each index was>3.5,and the coefficient of variation was less than 0.25,and the expert Kendall harmony coefficient was 0.146 and 0.166,respectively （all P<0.01）. Finally,a consensus was reached on the recommendation of 10 parts,including the application group of psychiatric restraints,premise and principle,objective,key points of assessment,basic requirements,record sheet,flow chart,intervention strategies in the implementation process,ethical issues and risks,and suggestions. Conclusion The consensus provides guidance for the practice of psychiatric protective restraints and makes psychiatric restraints more standardized.
Objective To develop “clinical practice guideline（CPG） for nursing management of iodinated contrast media extravasation（ICME）” and to provide a reference for reducing the incidence and standardizing the management of ICME. Methods The CPG for nursing management of ICME strictly followed the method of developing evidence-based nursing practice guideline. The draft of this CPG was appraised according to Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation Ⅱ（AGREE Ⅱ）,and then it was finalized based on the results and suggestions of expert reviews. Results Recommendations for the constructed CPG included 4 aspects of risk factors,prevention methods,management principles,and quality improvement in ICME. Conclusion The “CPG for nursing management of ICME” was an evidence-based guideline based on the best evidence,Chinese clinical reality,and professional judg-ment,and it can provide practice bases for scientific clinical decision making by radiology and clinical medical staff.
Objective To establish a consensus on the protection of high-risk nursing procedures of aerosol transmission in respiratory infectious diseases. Methods The consensus was preliminarily formed through combining relevant literature and the work experience of clinical nursing experts,and it was eventually confirmed by 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultations and expert meetings. Results The consensus included basic requirements for protec-tion and highlights of protection on 6 nursing procedures of high risk of aerosol transmission in respiratory infec-tious diseases. The basic requirements contained 3 aspects,including environmental control,personal protection,mana-gement and control. 6 nursing procedures were listed as following：oxygen inhalation,mechanical ventilation,sputum suction,atomization inhalation,throat swab collection,and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Conclusion This scientific consensus was conducive to provide clinical guidance for the protection of aerosol-generating nursing procedures.
Objective Skin Prick Test （SPT） is widely used in clinical practice,however,standard guidelines still remain blank. The establishment of an expert consensus of clinical practice in children can fill the gap of clinical practice guidelines to some extent,and provide references for the clinical operation of SPT in China. Methods In this study,we formulated clinical problems through the literature review and experts experience. The clinical problems were revised and improved through consensus meetings. Results The final consensus was formulated on indications,contraindications,applicable population,operation steps,interpretation of results,clinical manifestations and treatment measures of allergic reactions,frequently asked questions of SPT operation,etc. It is recommended that children’s allergen SPT is suitable for people aged 0-18 years. If children are suspected to be sensitized to one or several allergens,the allergen SPT can be conducted on one or both forearms due to different skin areas of children at different ages. Conclusion The consensus is highly operable with certain clinical value.
Objective To form the expert consensus on surgical isolation techniques for lung malignancies.Methods By retrieving international and national literature and interviewing relevant personnel,we formulated the first draft of a consensus on surgical isolation techniques for lung malignancies and the enquiry form. Experts are selected nationwide to conduct a round of letter consultation and a round of on-site demonstration. The corresponding items were modified in accordance with the opinions of the experts,and the level of evidence and recommendation level were marked and then a final consensus was formed.Results A total of 18 thoracic surgery experts and nursing experts from tumor surgery rooms were selected;the expert authority coefficient was 0.87;expert importance of each item was 4.92±0.23;coefficient of variation was 0.09 to 0.16. The feasibility was 4.54±0.65;coefficient of variation was 0.12 to 0.19. Expert coordination coefficient was 0.249（P<0.001）. The consensus includes qualifications of operating room nurses,preoperative evaluation,surgical equipment and instruments,protection of incisions,surgical cavity exploration,management of device dressings,tumor resection,tumor removal,concurrent surgery and reconstruction surgery,use of irrigation fluid,and inventory. The above 11 aspects are applicable to traditional open surgery,small incision surgery and thoracoscopic surgery.Conclusion This consensus is based on the surgical isolation techniques for lung malignancies with detailed operating specifications for each aspect,which is easy for the surgical staff to implement and can guide clinical practice.
Objective To formulate an expert consensus on diaper dermatitis nursing care for infants and toddlers,and to standardize the clinical nursing practice. Methods Literature searching/reviews and expert discussion meetings were used to formulate the main contents of the consensus. The consensus was then revised by 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultations and expert meetings. Results The final expert consensus on diaper dermatitis nursing care for infants and toddlers included 3 aspects of diaper dermatitis nursing care（evaluation,prevention/nursing care,treatment of infection）,and a total of 31 items. Conclusion Items in expert consensus on diaper dermatitis nursing care for infants and toddlers are concise and easy to implement,and the consensus is helpful to guide clinical practice of diaper dermatitis nursing care.
Objective To standardize nursing management of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） patients with mechanical ventilation. Methods The literature on COVID-19 and the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases in the past through databases such as Pubmed,Embase and CNKI were searched and collected by 14 nursing experts from 5 medical institutions in China. 2850 papers were screened and classified by the level of evidence quality. The first draft of the expert consensus was formed. Through 6 rounds of expert consultations and 6 online conference discussions,the items were adjusted and revised,and the final consensus was formed. Results The consensus constructed a mechanical ventilation nursing management system in COVID-19 patients,summarized the latest 9 items with 3 dimensions,including non-invasive positive pressure ventilation management,invasive mechanical ventilation management,infection control points. Conclusion This consensus covers all aspects of mechanical ventilation nursing management of COVID-19 patients. This consensus provides references and guidance for mechanical ventilation nursing management in COVID-19 patients,which is practical and scientific.
Objective To summarize and establish a systematic and refined nursing management system of psychiatric specialty during the period of prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）,so as to provide bases for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in psychiatric hospitals. Methods By combining consensus conference method with expert consultation method,the mental health professional committee of Chinese Nursing Association organized a number of psychiatric hospitals in China with the participation of 43 experts. This expert consensus was formulated with the analysis,discussions and summaries of the protective measures in psychiatric hospitals,combined with relevant national policies,academic guidelines,journal articles and literature. Results The consensus includes requirements for organizational management,environmental management and personnel management of prevention and control of COVID-19. Conclusion The consensus guides the prevention and control of COVID-19 in psychiatric hospitals through organizational management,environmental management and personnel management,with guiding significance for clinical practice.
Objective To standardize the nursing management of fever clinics during coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） epidemic. Methods The consensus was preliminarily formed by reviewing relevant policies,guidelines,expert consensuses and literature related to the management of COVID-19 and fever clinicsat home and abroad,as well as combining with the clinical management experience. It was finalized by 5 rounds of online discussions and expert consultations. Results The consensus contained 6 aspects,including the basic management?requirements,environment and layout,allocation and management of nursing staff,pre-check and triage,patient management and material management. Conclusion The consensus is scientific and practical,which can provideguidance for nursing managementof fever clinics in all levels of medical institutions during the epidemic of COVID-19.
Objective To establish an expert consensus on nursing prevention and control of venous thromboembolism（VTE） in adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods This consensus was drafted through a systemic literature review on COVID-19 diagnosis and management plan,VTE prevention and control,and interviewing nursing experts from front-line epidemic control. The draft was thereafter reviewed by a total of 18 experts in related fields. This consensus was finalized after 2 rounds of discussions and modifications. Results The expert consensus covers the following 5 topics,namely VTE risk factors,VTE risk assessment,VTE nursing prevention and control,VTE prewarning and monitoring,and health care education of VTE prevention and control after discharge. Conclusion The consensus was drafted and finalized on a scientific and practical basis,which can provide guidance for clinical nurses in prevention and control of VTE in adult patients with COVID-19.
Objective To standardize the processing of reusable medical instruments and supplies for suspected/confirmed patients with coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods With references to domestic and overseas relevant literature on COVID-19,relevant laws and regulations in China,technical guidelines on prevention and control,treatment and diagnosis of COVID-19 issued by the Chinese National Health Commission,we made the first draft of Expert Consensus on Reprocessing Procedures of Reusable Medical Instruments for Suspected or Confirmed Patients with COVID-19（hereinafter referred to as the Consensus）,combined with experience of nursing experts and reprocessing procedures made by experts in some provinces. After 4 rounds of online discussions and professional consultations,we had the final version of the Consensus. Results The Consensus includes requirements for basic principles,personnel protection,equipment and facilities,reprocessing procedures,environmental and supplies disposal. Conclusion The Consensus is of a certain scientific and practical nature,and provides guidancefor the scientific standardization of the reprocessing procedures of reusable medical instruments and supplies for suspected/confirmed patients with COVID-19.
Objective To standardize an expert consensus on pulmonary rehabilitation nursing of chronic respiratory diseases. Methods On the basis of literature review,5 experts were interviewed and 19 experts were consulted to establish the primary and secondary themes. 10 nursing experts in this field were invited to conduct peer review on the draft consensus to modify and improve the consensus content. Results After expert consultations,14 first-level themes and 40 second-level themes were established. The value of Ca（judgment coefficient）,Cs（familiarity coefficient） and Cr（authority coefficient） were 0.895,0.839 and 0.867,which indicated the expert consultation have high authority and credibility. The Kendall coefficients of first-round expert consultation were 0.121 and 0.151,and they were 0.205 and 0.149 in the second round（P<0.05）. In the first-round expert consultation,the coefficients of variation of the first and second themes were 0.197 and 0.200,and in the second round,they were 0.202 and 0.237. They were all less than 0.25,indicating that the expert’s judgment results were relatively consistent. Conclusion As this consensus was developed based on 19 clinical nursing professionals from across the country,it is scientific and authoritative. This consensus can not only benefit to clinical nursing practice,but also lay the foundation for the development of guideline,and it still needs further theoretical and empirical research verification.
Objective To develop evidence-based clinical practice guideline（CPG） for multiple myeloma patients,and to provide references for improving clinical practice and promote the clinical outcome of patients. Methods Based on the theoretical framework of JBI evidence-based health care model,this guideline was formulated strictly in accordance with the methodology of developing evidence-based CPG. After a draft guideline was developed,it was appraised according to AGREE（Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation） Instrument. Then the CPG was finalized based on evaluation results and the advice of experts. Results The recommendations of the CPG involved the care for patients with anemia and bleeding,kidney injury,bone injury,infection prevention,chemotherapy toxicity,hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,amyloidosis,hyperviscosity and so on. Conclusion This nursing practice guideline for multiple myeloma was constructed on the basis of best evidence,Chinese clinical practice and professional judgments,which can provide valuable references for nursing decision-making on multiple myeloma patients care.
Objective To establish a nursing guideline for needle-free injection to diabetics. Methods The nursing problems in the needle-free insulin injection process were listed based on systematic literature research and references to experts’ clinical experience. A questionnaire to experts was designed. Based on Delphi Technique and expert meeting results,each item was modified and improved after objective evidence and expert opinions were summarized. Results A consensus was reached on 4 major themes: needle-free injection procedure,common problems and solutions,quality control and management,and health education. Conclusion Work guidelines for needle-free insulin injection to diabetics can provide the clinical nursing staff with some references on implementation of needle-free insulin injections.
Objective To standardize the holistic care for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods The consensus was preliminarily formed by combining relevant literature and frontline medical working experience,and it was eventually confirmed by 5 rounds of online discussions and expert consultations. Results This consensus included nursing assessment, nursing priorities, nursing goals,and 13 key points of nursing such as nursing of oxygen therapy and respiratory nursing. Conclusion This scientific and practical consensus guideline can provide clinical guidance on the holistic nursing care of patients with severe COVID-19.
Objective To establish an expert consensus on discharge planning for hospitalized elderly patients. Methods Studies were retrieved,evaluated and collected by the evidence-based nursing method. Revelent recommendations and research results were selected to form the expert consensus draft. Experts were invited to complete 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultation and 2 rounds of expert meeting. Each item was revised and adjusted considering objective evidence and expert opinions. Results The positive coefficients of experts in 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultation were all 100%,and the degrees of expert authority were all 0.83. The average importance value of each item was higher than 3.5;the variation coefficent of each item was less than 0.25;the Kendall’s W were 0.234 and 0.253 respectively（all P<0.001）. At last,experts agreed on 5 dimensions of discharge planning for elderly patients. Conclusion The consensus can not only provide guidance for the clinical practice,but also promote the development of the discharge planning for hospitalized elderly patients in China.
Objective To standardize the maintenance of clinical venous catheter,so as to reduce the catheter related complications,prolong the service life of catheter and reduce medical cost.Methods The consensus was formed through literature searching,interview with key stakeholders,and repeated expert discussion meetings.Results The consensus summarized the latest evidence in six chapters covering all aspects of catheter maintenance,such as flushing and locking tube,dressing replacement and catheter maintenance,infusion joint,catheter removal,education and training,and infection control.Conclusion Items in this consensus are concise and easy to implement,and the new content can supplement and perfect the existing norms and standards to a certain extent,which is helpful to solve clinical problems and guide clinical practice.
Objective To establish expert consensus on medical protocol prescription for blood glucose monitoring in hospitalized adult patients with hyperglycemia. Methods Targeting key issues in blood glucose monitoring among hospitalized adult patients with hyperglycemia,literatures at home and abroad were retrieved,and clinical experience of medical and nursing experts were taken into consideration,to design expert questionnaire. Each item was revised and improved through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation and expert meeting. Results Consensus on medical protocol prescription included four aspects：prescription for blood glucose monitoring,glycemic control goals,health education for blood glucose monitoring,and quality control for blood glucose monitoring. Conclusion The consensus has strong reliability and practicability,which is helpful to guide development of clinical systematic and standardized monitoring program,improve quality of clinical management,lay a solid foundation for the development of nurses’ prescription in China.
Objective To form an expert consensus on the clinical application of disposable absorbent care products for adult incontinent patients. Methods Through systematically reviewing domestic and foreign literatures as well as combining with laboratory results,domestic experts were invited for evaluation,expert meeting method and Delphi expert consultation method were used to form the consensus combined with laboratory data and expert opinions,and all items were modified and improved. Results A total of 20 items were agreed on the index requirements and clinical application on disposable absorbent care products for adults with incontinence. Conclusion The established consensus can provide guidance on assessment,utilization,and evaluation of disposable absorbent care products for adult incontinent patients during hospitalization,and can provide clinical standardized guide for skin environmental protection for hospitalized incontinent patients.
