Table of Content

20 February 2023, Volume 58 Issue 4

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Research Paper

Evidence based nursing practice of physical activity of kidney transplant recipients during hospitalization

SHI Ke, ZHANG Hailing, QIAN Rong, ZHAO Wenjing, GUAN Xiaohong, WANG Cheng, LI Junyi

2023, 58(4):  389-397.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.001

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Objective To apply the best evidence of physical activity in kidney transplant recipients（KTRs） to clinical practice and evaluate the implementation effect，so as to promote the early recovery of KTRs. Methods Using the method of evidence-based nursing，the guidelines，systematic reviews and expert consensuses about the physical activity of KTRs in China and abroad from January 2009 to March 2021 were retrieved systematically. From May 2021 to December 2021，under the guidance of the Knowledge to Action Framework，and in combination with clinical scenarios and subjective wishes of stakeholders，the best evidence was cut and adjusted，and an evidence-based practice plan was formulated and implemented in an organ transplantation center of a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province from April 2022 to June 2022. The nurse execution rates before and after the application of the plan，the grip strength of renal transplant recipients，the 2-minute walk distance，the 30-second sitting frequency，the first-bed departure date，the first exhaust date，self-care ability，self-efficacy，exercise intention，the average hospitalization day，and other physical activity levels and early recovery-related outcome indicators were compared. Results After evidence-based practice，the implementation rate of nurse review index increased from 33.33%~73.33% to 34.48%~100%，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The date of first leaving bed was shortened to 5（5，6）days from 7（7，8） days；the date of first exhaust was shortened to 2（2，3） days from 3（3，4） days；the score of self-care ability was increased from 92（90，95） to 100（95，100）；the score of self-efficacy was increased from（25.07±5.06） to（29.69±6.43）；the score of exercise intention increased from 16（12，16） to 16（14，19），and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion Evidence-based nursing practice of physical activity in KTRs during hospitalization can improve the implementation rate of nurse review indexes，shorten the bed rest time after the operation，improve the outcome indexes such as self-care ability and self-efficacy of patients，and promote the early prognosis of patients.

Special Planning—Cardiac Rehabilitation Care

Study on information needs and self-management of cardiac rehabilitation in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

XIA Yaoyao, LI Yi, XIONG Xiaoyun, ZHOU Liang, WANG Yanhui, MA Lanying

2023, 58(4):  398-405.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.002

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Objective To describe the change trajectory of cardiac rehabilitation information needs and self-management in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） at different time points，and to explore the correlation between them. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted. From June 2021 to January 2022，186 PCI patients who met the criteria were enrolled in the cardiology ward and cardiovascular clinic of a tertiary A hospital in Jiangxi Province. General information questionnaire，the Cardiac Rehabilitation Information Needs Scale and Coronary Heart Disease Self-Management Behavior Rating Scale were employed for follow-up at 1 day before surgery，3 days after surgery，and 1，3，and 6 months after discharge to evaluate the patients’ cardiac rehabilitation information needs and self-management behavior. Results 165 cases were finally included. The total demand for cardiac rehabilitation information and the scores of each dimension in perioperative PCI patients showed an overall upward trend，but the demand for diagnosis and treatment reached the peak before surgery and within 1 month after discharge，showing a dynamic change overall. Within 6 months after discharge，the total demand for cardiac rehabilitation information，self-management and scores of each dimension of PCI patients showed an overall downward trend，but the demand for risk factor management showed an upward trend within 3 months after discharge. Within 6 months after discharge，self-management，daily life management and medical disease management of PCI patients showed a downward trend，while emotional cognitive management showed an upward trend. There was a positive correlation between them at 1 month after discharge（r=0.185，P<0.05），and a negative correlation between them at 6 months after discharge（r=-0.174，P<0.05）. Conclusion The information needs，self-management and dimensions of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with PCI change dynamically during perioperative period and within 6 months after discharge. The self-management of PCI patients was positively correlated with the total demand for cardiac rehabilitation information at 1 month after discharge，and negatively correlated at 6 months after discharge. It is suggested that medical staff should strengthen the follow-up management of patients and meet the needs of patients in all aspects of disease rehabilitation，which can further improve the self-management ability of patients and help to reduce the rate of cardiovascular events and readmission.

Classification and influencing factors of fear of progression in young and middle-aged patients with acute myocardial infarction in early rehabilitation

SU Jin, YANG Qiaohong, LI Yaoxia, XIONG Jiaming, QIU Weiyu

2023, 58(4):  406-413.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.003

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Objective To analyze the situation and latent profiles of fear of progression in young and middle-aged acute myocardial infarction（AMI） patients in the out-hospital early rehabilitation stage，and to explore the influencing factors of different profiles. Methods Through convenience sampling，young and middle-aged AMI patients who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from January 2021 to August 2022 were recruited. The investigation was processed 1 month after hospital discharge. The demographic questionnaire，the Chinese version of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form（Fop-Q-SF） and the Perceived Stress Scale（PSS），and the Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS） were used for investigation. Latent class analysis（LCA） was used to explore the latent profiles of fear of progression in young and middle-aged AMI patients. The influencing factors of latent profiles were identified by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression. Results The total score of the Chinese version of the FoP-Q-SF in 352 patients is 44（28，51）. The fear of progression in young and middle-aged AMI patients is divided into 3 latent classes，namely “low-risk fear”（23.86%），“high-risk fear”（20.46%），and “severe fear”（55.68%）. The influencing factors include perceived stress，perceived loss of control，objective social support，availability of social support，and chronic comorbidity situation（all P<0.05）. Conclusion During out-hospital early rehabilitation，the level of fear of progression in young and middle-aged AMI patients is high with heterogeneity，which could be divided into 3 latent profiles. Nurses should focus on patients with high-risk fear and severe fear and conduct early targeted prevention and mental care according to the characteristics and influencing factors of different latent profiles.

Construction of an exercise rehabilitation engagement nursing intervention program for chronic heart failure patients

YU Tianxi, SUN Guozhen, GAO Min, WANG Jie, LIU Shenxinyu, HUANG Yangxi, BAO Zhipeng

2023, 58(4):  414-420.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.004

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Objective To construct an exercise rehabilitation engagement nursing intervention program for chronic heart failure patients，and to provide practical guidance for improving patients’ exercise engagement. Methods The draft of the exercise rehabilitation engagement nursing intervention program for patients with heart failure was constructed based on the systematic retrieval of domestic and foreign literature and the theoretical guidance of the Patient Health Engagement model. 18 experts were consulted by Delphi to seek their advice and clinical experience，and the final draft was formed from May to Jun 2022. Results 18 experts were enrolled，and the opinions of all experts tended to be consistent after 2 rounds of correspondence. The expert authority coefficient was 0.831；Kendall’s coefficient of importance after 2 rounds of consultation was 0.302（P<0.001）；and the coefficient of variation ranged from 0 to 0.185. The final intervention program included 4 stages：Blackout，Arousal，Adhesion，and Eudaimonic Period，and each of them included 3 intervention perspectives. In the end，23 specific interventions were constructed. Conclusion The exercise rehabilitation engagement nursing intervention program is scientific and can provide a reference for improving exercise engagement in patients with chronic heart failure.

The active exercise experience in elderly patients with chronic heart failure：a qualitative research

CHEN Jianjing, XIE Xinger, CHU Hongmei, CAI Yihong, CAO Qiuyue, ZHANG Min

2023, 58(4):  421-425.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.005

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Objective To understand the active exercise rehabilitation experience of elderly patients with chronic heart failure，and to provide a feasible basis for the construction of exercise rehabilitation intervention programs for elderly patients with chronic heart failure in hospitals. Methods The purpose sampling method is adopted，30 elderly patients with chronic heart failure in a tertiary hospital in Nantong were interviewed by semi-structured interviews，and the data were analyzed by Colaizzi’s seven-step method from October to December 2021. Results After the analysis of the interview data，3 themes were extracted. Cognition is the premise of patients’ exercise rehabilitation，including the transfer of external advantages and actively absorbing new information；belief is the motivation of patients’ exercise rehabilitation，including sports enthusiasm，sports awareness，and sports confidence；behavior is the foundation of patients’ exercise rehabilitation，including personalized formulation of sports prescriptions，enhanced adherence to sports, and positive incentives to exercise experience. Conclusion In the process of exercise rehabilitation，medical staff should actively guide them to form correct exercise cognition，stimulate the motivation of exercise rehabilitation，and ensure the formation and maintenance of exercise behavior.

Effectiveness and compliance of remote cardiac rehabilitation：an overview of systematic reviews

GUO Wei-ting, LIU Jianping, ZHANG Xiaoxue, ZHANG Binbin, WU Yuzheng, WANG Wenjun

2023, 58(4):  426-432.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.006

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Objective To overview the systematic reviews of effectiveness and compliance of remote cardiac rehabilitation based on digital technology. Methods CNKI，Wanfang，CBM，Cochrane Library，JBI，BMJ，PubMed，Embase，CINAHL，PROSPERO databases were searched to identify the relevant systematic reviews. The retrieval period was from February 2012 to October 2022，and 2 researchers screened systematic reviews and extracted the data independently. Results A total of 14 systematic reviews were included. The evaluation results showed that the quality level of 2 systematic reviews was medium，and 6 systematic reviews were at low level，and 6 were at very low level. The meta-analysis results show that the application of digital technology，including communication technology，APP，virtual reality，wearable devices and other remote assistance measures can effectively improve patients’ cardiopulmonary function，exercise ability and quality of life. However，the effect of virtual reality technology needs to be further verified. Conclusion Remote assistance can improve the effectiveness and compliance of cardiac rehabilitation，but the methodological quality of systematic evaluation and the quality of evidence are low，and most of them are based on foreign research. Localization debugging is needed when the evidence is applied，and high-quality research in line with Chinese national conditions should be carried out.

Specialist Practice and Research

Construction on a decision-making behavior model of blood glucose management among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

ZHOU Yingfeng, HUANG Na, LI Li, FANG Yuan, XING Nianlu, ZHAO Minhui, ZHU Jialei, WANG Ling

2023, 58(4):  433-439.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.007

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Objective To construct the decision-making behavior model of blood glucose management among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM） based on protection motivation theory. Methods A total of 1 261 pregnant women with GDM from 6 hospitals in Shanghai and Jiangsu province were selected by convenient sampling and investigated through the cross-sectional survey. The Self-Developed Blood Glucose Management Decision-Making Behavior Questionnaire，Protection Motivation Questionnaire，Knowledge Questionnaire and General Information Questionnaire were used to collect data. Multi-linear regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of decision-making behavior. Structural equation model was used to establish and revise the decision-making behavior model of blood glucose management. Results 1 181 pregnant women with GDM were included in this study. Vulnerability，severity，response efficacy，self-efficacy and response costs were influencing factors of blood glucose management decision-making behavior（P<0.001）. Perceived severity（β=0.204），vulnerability （β=0.196） and self-efficacy（β=0.336） had a direct positive influence on decision-making behavior. Perceived vulnerability had an indirect positive influence on decision-making behavior mediated by self-efficacy（β=0.136）. Response costs（β=-0.186） had a direct negative influence on decision-making behavior. Knowledge had an indirect influence on decision-making behavior mediated by response costs（β=0.016）. All the indicators for fit test were acceptable or optimal，and the path coefficients of model reached significant level（P<0.05）. Conclusion The decision-making behavior of blood glucose management among pregnant women with GDM could be improved through increasing perceived severity，vulnerability and confidence，providing more knowledge and decreasing barriers related to blood glucose management.

Study on the applicability and optimal cut-off of Braden Scale in the diagnosis of pressure injury in the elderly based on multicenter study data

JIANG Qixia, LIU Guozhen, ZHU Yuling, LI Yumei, ZHAN Yingying, YU Xiujuan, JIE Yijie, WANG Jing, BAI Yuxuan

2023, 58(4):  440-445.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.008

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Objective To analyze the applicability and the optimal cut-off of Braden Scale for the diagnosis of pressure injury in the elderly through the data of multicenter cross-sectional study of pressure injury in the elderly in China，so as to provide bases for the correct use of Braden scale in clinical practice. Methods 1067 trained and qualified nurses from 52 different medical institutions across the country were recruited in a group of 2. They included the inpatients over 60 years old by purpose sampling method，examined the skin and relevant data of patients，and evaluated whether there was pressure injury and its stage，and used the Braden Scale to predict the risk of pressure injury. The statistical software was used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of pressure injury in the elderly，and the area under the working characteristic curve（AUC），sensitivity，specificity and Yoden index of those with pressure injury were predicted and diagnosed by the Braden Scale. Results In the effective data of 3 3769 cases，the total prevalence of pressure injury was 3.12%（n=1 054），of which the incidence of hospital acquired pressure injury was 0.79%（n=267）. Hierarchical analysis showed that the AUC predicted by the Braden Scale for the diagnosis of pressure injury in elderly patients of different ages，gender，races and medical institutions was 0.85~0.96，and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.83~0.96 and 0.71~0.86，respectively. The AUC of the 6 cut-off values of total score≤15，≤16，≤17，≤18，≤19 and ≤20 points was 0.67~0.82; the sensitivity and specificity were 0.67~0.84 and 0.54~0.68，respectively; the Youden index was 0.25~0.49. The Youden index and AUC of ≤20 points was the largest. Conclusion Braden Scale is suitable for elderly patients of different ages，gender，race and medical institutions to assess and predict the risk of pressure injury. The total score of≤20 points can be used as the best cut-off，which can improve the prediction efficiency.

The current situation and influencing factors of cognitive function of older people in 30 nursing homes

LI Xin, SUN Chao, HU Huixiu, ZHAO Yajie, LIU Chenxia

2023, 58(4):  446-451.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.009

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Objective To investigate the status and analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function for older people in 30 nursing homes nationally，so as to provide references for the formulation of interventions to improve the cognitive function. Methods The cross-sectional study design was conducted in our study. The convenience sampling method was used to choose older people in 30 nursing homes from east，central，south，north，northwest and southwest for investigation from January to September in 2022 by a general information questionnaire，Mini-Mental State Examination and Short Physical Performance Battery. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of cognitive function. Results A total of 2 242 older people were investigated. There were 1 006（44.9%） older people with impaired cognitive function. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age，children，long-term medication，regular exercise，self-reported social support as well as hearing impairment and physical performance were the influencing factors（P<0.05）. Conclusion The cognitive function of older people in nursing homes needs to be improved. The older people with advanced age，childless，long-term medication，irregular exercise，lack of social support，hearing impairment and impaired physical performance should be paid more attention. The early interventions should be conducted to improve cognitive function.

Mursing Management

Research on the construction and application of a homogenized training management program for specialist nurses

TIAN Junye, WU Xinjuan, LU Qian, GUO Aimin, WANG Yanling, ZHANG Xia, DING Yanming

2023, 58(4):  452-458.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.010

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Objective To explore a homogenized training management program and its application effects for specialist nurses，in order to improve the quality of training. Methods From January 2020 to December 2021，the convenience sampling method was used to select the trainees of 2021 specialist nurse training course of China Nursing Association as the experimental group and the trainees of 2020 as the control group. The trainees in the 2 groups involved 3 300 hospitals in 31 provinces，autonomous regions and municipalities across the country. The experimental group took the homogenized training management program and the control group took the routine training. The training effect and satisfaction of the 2 groups were compared. Results The number of trainees was 6 012 in the experimental group，and 4 619 in the control group. After the intervention，the theoretical test score was （84.14±5.12） points in the experimental group，and（79.66±8.36） points in the control group. The difference was statistically significant（t=-32.133，P<0.001）. The clinical practice test score was （94.24±3.58） points in the experimental group，and（90.70±5.21） points in the control group. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant（t=-39.637，P<0.001）. The overall satisfaction of theoretical training stage and clinical practice stage was （75.00±1.38） points and （72.53±0.92） points，respectively，which were higher than those of control group（P<0.001）. Conclusion Homogeneous management can effectively improve the quality of specialist nurse training and improve student satisfaction. The strict implementation of the homogeneous training management strategy plays an important leading role in promoting the high-quality development of specialist nurse training in China.

Clinical Practice

Nursing care of a child with Behcet syndrome complicated with stroke after heart valve replacement

HU Xinxin, DING Yue, DENG Yuhua, FANG Hengying, PAN Yinghua

2023, 58(4):  459-462.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.011

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The nursing experience of a child with Behcet syndrome complicated with stroke after heart valve replacement is summarized. Nursing points include surveillance of cardiac function to avoid cardiac complications，prevention of bleeding and thrombosis，phased rehabilitation exercise to promote hemiplegia limb function recovery，precise nutritional support to improve nutritional status，mucosal and perianal care to enhance ulcer healing，humanistic care and discharge education and follow-up. After 20 days of treatment and nursing care，the patient recovered well and was discharged. During 1-year follow-up，the child was in fair conditions.

Evidence Synthesis Research

Summary of the best evidence of perinatal care in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

WANG Yu, CHEN Jiayin, LIU Ning

2023, 58(4):  463-470.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.012

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Objective The relevant evidence of perinatal management of systemic lupus erythematosus（SLE） patients was searched，screened，summarized and analyzed，and the best evidence summary was formed，so as to provide a reliable evidence-based basis for the clinical management and nursing care of SLE patients in the perinatal period. Methods A systematic search was conducted on US Guide Network（National Guideline Clearinghouse，NGC），UK National Institute of Health and Clinical Technology Optimization（National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence，NICE），UpToDate，PubMed，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，BMJ Best Practice，Australia Joana Briggs Institute（JBI） Evidence-based Health Care Center Database，Yimaitong，China Biomedical Literature Database，China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Database for all the evidence related to the perinatal care of SLE patients，including guidelines，expert consensuses，systematic reviews，clinical decision-making，meta-analysis. The search period was from January 1，2011 to November 18，2021. The quality of the included literature was evaluated and the data were extracted by 2 researchers，and the evidence of the literature that met the criteria was summarized and integrated. Results A total of 10 articles were included，including 1 recommendation of clinical practice，4 guidelines，3 expert consensuses and 2 Meta-analysis. Finally，21 pieces of best evidence were formed，including planning pregnancy，monitoring and follow-up during pregnancy，medication management during pregnancy，lactation and neonatal management. Conclusion Nurses should make continuous and dynamic evaluation of SLE patients according to their clinical characteristics and working environment，and formulate treatment and nursing plans to improve maternal and infant outcomes and improve the quality of life of patients.

Risk factors of incontinence-associated dermatitis in elderly patients：a Meta-analysis

JIANG Hongzhan, CHEN Lijuan, SHEN Jiali, LIN Huihui

2023, 58(4):  471-476.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.013

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Objective To identify the risk factors of incontinence-associated dermatitis（IAD） in elder patients through Meta-analysis. Methods We searched databases including PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，CINAHL，VIP，Wanfang，CNKI，and CBM from inception to January，2022. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 12 articles were included，including 29 related risk factors. Meta-analysis result showed that diabetes（OR=1.96）， diarrhea（OR=3.18）， fever（OR=1.85）， disorder of consciousness（OR=1.75）， antibiotic（OR=2.97）， incontinence frequency≥3times/day（OR=3.51）， urinary and fecal incontinence（OR=1.96） and watery stool（OR=3.66） were the risk factors of IAD in elderly patients（P<0.05）. Conclusion Elderly patients have many risk factors for IAD，and caregivers should dynamically assess patients’ skin conditions and adopt targeted，individualized interventions to prevent the occurrence of IAD.

The best evidence summary for exercise rehabilitation in school-age children with malignant tumors

XU Xinyi, TANG Li, YU Yating, CHEN Xiaorong, MAO Xiaorong, MIN Lihua

2023, 58(4):  477-484.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.014

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Objective To retrieve，evaluate and summarize the current evidence related to exercise rehabilitation in school-age children with malignant tumors，and provide references for clinical healthcare workers to guide children and their families to practice the plan for exercise rehabilitation. Methods The researchers conducted a systematical search in national and international databases，relevant guideline websites and professional society websites for related clinical decisions，recommended practices，guidelines，evidence summaries，expert consensuses，and systematic reviews for exercise rehabilitation in school-age children with malignancies since February 2017 to February 2022. The quality evaluation，extraction，and integration for evidence were conducted independently by 2 researchers，respectively. Results A total of 13 studies，including 3 guidelines，3 JBI evidence summaries，1 recommended practice，1 expert consensus and 5 systematic reviews，were included. There were 21 pieces of best evidence with 5 dimensions，including the purposes，participants，assessment，detailed programs，and management for exercise rehabilitation being summarized. Conclusion The study summarizes the best evidence of exercise rehabilitation in school-age children with malignant tumors. It is recommended for health professionals to fully consider the clinical situations to develop more detailed personalized exercise rehabilitation program based on the needs and preferences of school-age children with malignant tumors and their families.

The decision-making experience of the families of patients with brain death：a meta synthesis of qualitative studies

ZHANG Zehan, MIAO Bo, YAN Xiaoxia, QIU Xuejuan, GONG Yijuan, ZHANG Aizhi

2023, 58(4):  485-492.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.015

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Objective The aim of this study was to perform a meta-synthesis of the decision-making experience of the families of patients with brain death. Methods Chinese and English databases，including PubMed，Web of Science，Embase，CINAHL，ProQuest，CNKI，Wanfang Database，VIP，and CBM，were searched，and the literature of the qualitative research on organ donation decision-making experience of family members of patients with brain death was retrieved. The time limit of the retrieval was from the establishment to June 2022. The literature quality was evaluated using the 2016 Australian JBI Evidence-Based Health Care Center Quality Evaluation Criteria for Qualitative Research，and the results were consolidated by meta integration method. Results A total of 12 studies were included，and 63 results were extracted and summarized into 10 new categories，which were combined into 3 integrated results. Finally，it is integrated into 3 integrated results，including respect for the patients and the gained benefits，the complex and contradictory decision-making process，and the quality of interaction with medical workers affecting the decision-making results. Conclusion The organ donation decision experience of families of brain death patients is complex，and the interaction quality influences the final decision results. Medical staff should provide brain death knowledge and ensure the correct understanding，constantly improve their professional organ donation communication，give family corresponding support and humanistic care，so as to help them go through the bereavement，solve the decision-making dilemma，conform to the donation decision，make it return to normal healthy life as soon as possible..

Review

Research progress on risk prediction models of venous thromboembolism in trauma patients

MENG Lingqi, LIU Jiahui, PENG Siyi, WEI Tao, LI Xingfeng, LIN Qin, MA Hangxia, QI Yi, LI Xuying

2023, 58(4):  493-498.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.016

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This paper mainly reviews the construction，characteristics，and application of the risk prediction models of venous thromboembolism among trauma patients. We also analyze and compare the characteristics of the models and application effects，so as to provide a reference for the selection of venous thromboembolism risk prediction models among trauma patients for clinical nurses.

A scoping review of pain belief research in chronic pain patients

WANG Rongna, HUANG Xiuyu, SU Xixi, LIU Huangju, GUO Yulai, ZHENG Xiaoyan, GAO Ji

2023, 58(4):  499-506.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.017

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Objective To review the research on pain beliefs in chronic pain patients at home and abroad，and to understand the research status of pain beliefs in the field of chronic pain. Methods We searched relevant literature available in such academic databases as PubMed，CINAHL，Web of Science，Wan fang，CNKI，VIP，CBM and Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to February 28，2022. The results of the literature were analyzed and discussed. Results Totally 21 studies were included，among which there were 4 randomized controlled trials，4 quasi-experimental studies and 13 cross-sectional studies. The theoretical framework related to pain beliefs includes fear-avoidance model，self-efficacy theory，ABC theory，the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation and Relational Fame Theory. Assessment tools include the assessment of pain discrimination beliefs，cause beliefs，consequence beliefs，and controllability beliefs. Interventions mainly include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy，Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and pain health education. Conclusion Domestic nursing researchers should pay attention to the development and improvement of the theoretical framework related to pain beliefs in patients with chronic pain，explore the best belief revision strategies，select standardized and unified evaluation tools，formulate scientific，applicable and normative pain belief revision management program based on the current situation of pain beliefs of chronic pain patients.

Overseas Knowledge

Validity and reliability test of the Chinese version of the Caregiver Guilt Questionnaire in caregivers of elderly patients with dementia

WANG Nan, AN Libin, SONG Zechao, WANG Xi, LI Wentao

2023, 58(4):  507-512.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.018

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Objective To translate the English version of the Caregiver Guilt Questionnaire（CGQ） into Chinese，and to test its reliability and validity. Methods The scale was translated and retranslated according to the Brislin’s translation model，and the Chinese version was revised through experts’ consultations and a pre-experiment. For testing the reliability and validity of the scale，120 family caregivers of elderly patients with dementia were selected as the subjects of study from April to September 2021. Results The CGQ has 22 items，and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the 22-item scale was 0.953 with 0.799~0.941 for each dimension. The split-half reliability was 0.881 with 0.799~0.936 for each dimension. The scale-level content validity index was 0.91，and the item-level content validity index were over 0.80. Factor analysis showed that a total of 5 factors were extracted explaining 76.821% of the total variance，namely guilt for doing wrong to the care recipient，guilt for neglecting other relatives，guilt for having negative feelings towards other people，guilt for not coping with nursing challenges as caregivers，guilt for self-care. Conclusion The Chinese version CGQ has good reliability and validity，which can be used to assess the level of guilt among caregivers of elderly patients with dementia in China.