老年肌少症患者营养管理的最佳证据总结

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.18.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的提取、评价和综合老年肌少症患者营养管理的相关证据,为制订科学、有效的老年肌少症患者营养管理方案提供循证依据。方法计算机检索乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心数据库、Cochrane Library、DynaMed循证医学临床决策网站、英国卫生与临床优化研究所指南网、国际实践指南图书馆、加拿大安大略注册护士协会指南网、WHO指南网、苏格兰校际间指南网、美国临床实践指南网、加拿大临床实践指南信息库、UpToDate临床决策、中国医脉通临床指南网、Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、中华医学会期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中关于老年肌少症患者营养管理措施的所有证据,检索文献类型包括指南、专家共识、临床决策、证据总结、系统评价或Meta分析,检索时间为建库至2022年1月20日。结果共纳入18篇文献,包括1篇指南、1篇临床决策、6篇专家共识、10篇系统评价。总结了包含营养筛查和评估、营养素摄入、营养监测和健康教育4个类别的32条证据。结论该研究总结了老年肌少症患者营养管理的最佳证据,证据总结过程科学、严谨和全面。医护人员应结合实际情境和患者个体因素选择最佳证据,指导老年肌少症患者安全有效地改善机体营养状况,提高生活质量。

关键词: 老年人, 肌少症, 营养管理, 循证护理学

Abstract:

Objective To extract,summarize and evaluate the best evidence of nutrition management in the elderly with sarcopenia,and to provide bases for guiding nutrition in the elderly with sarcopenia. Methods We searched all evidence about nutrition management for elderly patients with sarcopenia in the UpToDate,Joanna Briggs Institution,Cochrane Library,DynaMed,National Guideline Clearinghouse,Registered Nurses Association of Ontario,Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,Guidelines International Network,WHO Guidelines,CPG,Yimaitong,PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,CBM and YIIGLE. The types of the literature include clinical decision-making,guidelines,evidence summaries,expert-consensuses and systematic reviews. The retrieval time is from the establishment of the databases to January 20,2021. Results Finally,18 articles were included in this summary,including 1 guideline,6 expert consensuses,1 clinical decision-making and 10 systematic reviews. 32 pieces of evidence were summarized in 4 categories,including nutrition screening and assessment,nutrient intake,nutrition monitoring and health education. Conclusion Nutrition management can effectively improve sarcopenia. The evidence summary process of this study is scientific,rigorous and comprehensive. Clinical staff should select the best evidence according to the specific situation and individual factors of patients in the process of evidence transformation,so as to guide the elderly patients with sarcopenia to safely and effectively improve their nutritional status and quality of life.

Key words: Aged, Sarcopenia, Nutrition Management, Evidence-Based Nursing

余姜璇, 单雪琪, 王俊杰, 许娅文, 沈睿. 老年肌少症患者营养管理的最佳证据总结[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(18): 2261-2267.

YU Jiangxuan, SHAN Xueqi, WANG Junjie, XU Yawen, SHEN Rui. Best evidence summary for nutrition management in elderly patients with sarcopenia[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2022, 57(18): 2261-2267.

图/表 3

图1 文献筛选流程图

Figure 1 Flow chart of literature screening

表1 纳入文献的一般特征（n=18）

Table 1 General characteristics of included articles（n=18）

表2 老年肌少症患者营养管理的最佳证据总结

Table 2 The best evidence of nutritional management in geriatric patients with sarcopenia

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