人乳库预存式互助捐赠模式的构建及效果评价

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.16.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建人乳库预存式互助捐赠模式，探讨该模式的应用效果。目的人乳库预存式互助捐赠模式包括招募、采集、加工和储存、分发4个重要环节。统计2018年1月—2021年12月人乳库捐赠乳及用乳情况、前期接受过捐赠乳的捐赠者占总捐赠者的比例、平均每月新增的捐赠者人数及平均每日捐赠乳量；计算人乳库检测成本占比；比较2018年和2021年捐赠乳使用率和早产儿出院时亲母母乳喂养率。结果 4年期间人乳库捐赠乳供给充足，捐赠者来源稳定，平均每月新增的捐赠者数量为28.4名，平均每日捐赠乳量为2.102 L，前期接受过捐赠乳的捐赠者占总捐赠者的比例为69.57%。检测成本占运营总成本的5.09%。2018年捐赠乳使用率为68.69%，2021年为86.72%，两组比较，差异具有统计学意义（χ²=75.548，P<0.001）；2018年早产儿出院时亲母母乳喂养率为49.58%，2021年为46.01%，两组比较，差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.845，P=0.174）。结论人乳库预存式互助捐赠模式是人乳捐赠来源的优化方案，获取了稳定的捐赠来源，降低了检测成本，扩大了受捐范围，对早产儿亲母母乳喂养未产生负面影响。

关键词: 人乳库, 早产儿, 母乳喂养, 捐赠乳, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To construct a pre-storage mutual aid donation model of human breast bank，and to discuss the application effect of this model. Methods The pre-storage donation model of human milk bank includes 4 important steps：recruitment，collection，processing and storage，distribution. The data of donated and used milk in human milk bank from 2018 to 2021，the proportion of donors who had received donated milk in the previous stage，the average number of newly added donors per month and the average daily amount of donated milk were collected. The proportion of human milk bank detection cost was calculated；the donor's milk use rate in 2018 and 2021 and the maternal breastfeeding rate at the time of discharge of premature infants were compared. Results During the 4-year period，the supply of donated milk in the human milk bank was sufficient and the source of donors was stable. The average number of new donors was 28.4 persons per month，and the average daily amount of donated milk was 2.102 L. Donors who had previously received donated milk accounted for 69.57% of the total donors. The testing cost accounts for 5.09% of the total operating cost. The use rate of donated milk was 68.69% in 2018 and 86.72% in 2021，and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=75.548，P<0.001）. The rate of maternal breastfeeding was 49.58% in 2018 and 46.01% in 2021，and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups（χ²=1.845，P=0.174）. Conclusion The pre-stored mutual donation model of human milk bank is an optimization plan of human milk donation sources. It obtains stable donation sources，reduces the testing costs，expands the range of recipients，with no negative impact on the mother breastfeeding of premature infants.

Key words: Human Milk Bank, Premature Infant, Breastfeeding, Donor Human Milk, Nursing Care

王华, 胡小黎, 李秋芳, 赵莉卿, 吴明远. 人乳库预存式互助捐赠模式的构建及效果评价[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(16): 1983-1988.

WANG Hua, HU Xiaoli, LI Qiufang, ZHAO Liqing, WU Mingyuan. Construction and effect evaluation of a pre-storage mutual aid donation model of human milk bank[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(16): 1983-1988.

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