计算机认知训练对轻度认知障碍老年人认知功能的影响研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.05.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨应用自主编制的计算机认知训练程序进行训练对改善轻度认知障碍（mild cognitive impairment,MCI）老年人认知功能的效果。方法 2019年6月—8月,通过健康宣教活动选择59例MCI老年人作为研究对象并随机分组,其中,试验组30例老年人接受计算机认知训练（computer cognitive training,CCT）,训练内容包括注意力、执行功能、空间定向和工作记忆训练,对照组29例老年人不接受干预,正常生活。干预前和干预5周后,分别使用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA）和简易智能精神状态量表（Minimum Mental State Examination,MMSE）评估2组老年人的认知功能并进行统计分析,干预后对试验组30例老年人进行访谈。结果干预前后试验组MoCA和MMSE得分增加幅度均显著大于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组大部分MoCA认知领域进步幅度均显著大于对照组（P<0.05）;访谈结果显示,部分老年人表示记忆能力有提升、反应增快,希望能继续接受该训练。结论应用自主编制的计算机认知训练程序进行训练能够显著改善MCI老年人的认知功能。

关键词: 计算机认知训练, 认知功能, 轻度认知障碍, 老年人, 社区保健护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the influence of self-made computer cognitive training program on the cognitive function of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment（MCI）.Methods From June to August 2019,59 MCI elderly people were selected as research subjects through health education activities and were randomly grouped. Among them,30 elderly people in the experimental group received computer cognitive training（CCT）. The training included attention,executive function,spatial rotation and working memory training;29 elderly people in the control group did not receive interventions and continued to live in normal life. Before the intervention and 5 weeks after the intervention,MoCA（Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA）and MMSE（Minimum Mental State Examination,MMSE）were used to evaluate the cognitive function of the 2 groups of elderly people and the statistical analysis was performed. After the intervention,30 elderly people in the experimental group were interviewed.Results Before and after the intervention,MoCA and MMSE scores in the experimental group were significantly greater than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The improvement in most cognitive items of MoCA in the experimental group was significantly greater than those in the control group（P<0.05）. After the experiment,some elderly people said that their memory ability has improved and their reactions have increased,and they hope to continue the training.Conclusion Self-made computer cognitive training program can significantly improve the cognitive function of the elderly with MCI.

Key words: Computer Cognitive Training, Cognitive Function, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Aged, Community Health Nursing Care

李晨曦,尚云峰,王丽云,杨玉琴,沈颖惠. 计算机认知训练对轻度认知障碍老年人认知功能的影响研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2021, 56(5): 667-672.

LI Chenxi,SHANG Yunfeng,WANG Liyun,YANG Yuqin,SHEN Yinghui. Research on the influence of computer cognitive training on the cognitive function of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2021, 56(5): 667-672.

图/表 7

图1 注意力训练程序中的图形

Figure 1 Graphics in the attention training program

图2 执行功能训练程序内容

Figure 2 The content of the executive function training program

图3 三维空间旋转训练程序内容

Figure 3 The content of the 3D space rotation training program

表1 两组一般资料比较[例（百分比,%）]

Table 1 Comparison of general information between the two groups[case （percentage, %）]

表2 干预前后两组蒙特利尔认知评估量表得分比较（分,$\bar{x}$±s）

Table 2 Comparison of Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores between the two groups before and after intervention（score,$\bar{x}$±s）

表3 干预前后两组简易智能精神状态量表得分比较（分,$\bar{x}$±s）

Table 3 Comparison of Minimum Mental State Examination scores between the two groups before and after intervention（score,$\bar{x}$±s）

表4 两组间干预前后蒙特利尔认知评估量表各领域得分比较[分,M（P25,P75）]

Table 4 Comparison of scores in each field of the MOCA scale before and after intervention between the two groups[（score,M（P25,P75）]

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