新生儿肺泡表面活性物质专用注射管的设计及应用

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2020.11.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的应用新生儿肺泡表面活性物质专用注射管,探讨最佳的新生儿肺泡表面活性物质给药方式。方法设计新生儿肺泡表面活性物质专用注射管。选取2019年4月—9月武汉市某三级甲等医院新生儿ICU收治的126例新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的患儿为研究对象,按入院顺序分为试验组和对照组。试验组66例使用新生儿肺泡表面活性物质专用注射管进行气管内给药;对照组60例使用传统的头皮针与普通气管插管的方法进行气管内给药。观察两组用药过程中SpO₂波动差值、心率波动差值、药物反流发生率并计算给药时间。结果试验组用药过程中SpO₂的波动差值以及心率波动差值均小于对照组（P<0.05）,试验组药物反流发生率低于对照组,给药时间短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论新生儿肺泡表面活性物质专用注射管操作简便,能减轻给药过程中新生儿SpO₂以及心率的波动,保证新生儿生命体征的稳定,且可以降低药物反流的发生率,减少药物浪费及缩短给药时间。

关键词: 新儿呼吸窘迫综合征, 肺泡表面活动物质, 注射管, 新生儿护理

Abstract:

Objective To use a special injection tube for neonatal alveolar surfactant to explore the best way to administer neonatal alveolar surfactant. Methods To design a special injection tube for neonatal alveolar surfactant. 126 neonates with respiratory distress syndrome admitted to the neonatal ICU of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan from April to September 2019 were selected as the research subjects,and were divided into an experimental group and a control group according to the order of admission. 66 cases in the experimental group received a special injection tube for neonatal alveolar surfactants for intratracheal administration;60 cases in the control group had traditional scalp needles and ordinary tracheal intubation methods for intratracheal administration. The differences of SpO₂ fluctuations,heart rate fluctuations,and drug reflux during the medication in the 2 groups were observed and the administration time was calculated. Results The differences in SpO₂ fluctuations and heart rate fluctuations in the experimental group were smaller than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The incidence of drug reflux in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group,and the administration time was shorter than that in the control group with statistical significance（P<0.05）. Conclusion The special injection tube for neonatal alveolar surfactants is easy to operate,and it can reduce the fluctuation of SpO₂ and heart rate of neonates during the administration process,ensure the stability of neonatal vital signs. It can also reduce the incidence of drug reflux,drug waste and the administration medicine time.

Key words: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Pulmonary Surfactant, Syringe/Injection Tube, Neonatal Nursing

乐琼,张岚,刘会,吴丽芬,邓先锋. 新生儿肺泡表面活性物质专用注射管的设计及应用[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(11): 1745-1748.

LE Qiong,ZHANG Lan,LIU Hui,WU Lifen,DENG Xianfeng. Design and clinical application of a special injection tube for pulmonary surfactant in neonates[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2020, 55(11): 1745-1748.

图/表 3

图1 专用注射管示意图 1.X线识别标志 2.防倒流装置 3.注射腔 4.注射连接管 5.盖帽 6.气腔连接端 7.刚性导丝 8.气腔

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of special injection tube

表1 两组一般资料比较[例（百分比,%）]

Table 1 Comparison of general information between the two groups [cases（percentage,%）]

表2 两组肺泡表面活性物质给药情况比较

Table 2 Comparison of the administration of alveolar surfactant between the two groups

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