中华护理杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 839-842.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2019.06.007

• 人工气道管理专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

神经外科昏迷患者人工气道管理方案的制订及实践

胡娜,厉春林,杜晓亮,方继锋,许川,赵恺(),张华楸   

  1. 430030 武汉市 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经外科(胡娜, 厉春林, 杜晓亮, 方继锋, 赵恺, 张华楸),医院感染管理科(许川);
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-26 出版日期:2019-06-15 发布日期:2019-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 赵恺
  • 作者简介:胡娜:女,本科,主管护师,护士长,E-mail: <email>huna0203@hotmail.com</email>
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81602204);湖北省卫生计生指导性项目(WJ2015Z008)

Establishment and clinical evaluation of artificial airway strategy in neurological coma patients

HU Na,LI Chunlin,DU Xiaoliang,FANG Jifeng,XU Chuan,ZHAO Kai(),ZHANG Huaqiu   

  • Received:2018-12-26 Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-06-15
  • Contact: Kai ZHAO

摘要:

目的 探讨神经外科重症昏迷患者人工气道管理方案的临床应用效果。方法 制订神经外科昏迷患者人工气道管理方案,包括综合评估、系统实施、量表督查和落实改进4个方面。收集我院神经重症监护单元收治的283例格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)<6分且建立气管切开人工气道的神经重症昏迷患者的临床资料。其中2013年—2015年的161例患者为对照组,采取常规气道管理模式;2016年—2018年的122例患者为试验组,实施神经外科昏迷患者人工气道管理方案,分别收集两组干预前和干预1周后痰液性状、声门下吸引物性状、肺部感染发生率、ICU住院时间和平均住院日的资料。结果 试验组痰液和声门下吸引物显著减少,性状较对照组明显改善(P<0.001);试验组肺部感染发生率为32.8%,较对照组显著下降(P<0.01);试验组ICU住院时间和平均住院日均显著降低(P<0.01和P<0.001)。人工气道工作小组气道综合管理措施执行效果量化评分为(94.6±1.8)分。结论 落实神经外科昏迷患者人工气道管理方案,能够改善患者的痰液性状,降低肺部感染发生率,缩短住院日,改善患者预后。

关键词: 危重病, 重症监护病房, 气管切开术, 气道管理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effects of application of artificial airway strategy in neurological coma patients.Methods The clinical data of 283 neurological patients(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS<6) with artificial airway were collected. Totally 161 patients admitted from 2013 to 2015 were selected as the control group and received routine airway management. The comprehensive artificial airway strategy was performed in 122 patients who were selected as the experimental group hospitalized from 2016 to 2018. The characteristics of sputum and subglottic secretion,incidence of pulmonary infection,length of stay in neurosurgical intensive care unit and average duration of hospitalization were analyzed before and after intervention.Results For the experimental group,the volume of sputum and subglottic secretion were significantly decreased(P<0.001). Compared with the control group,the pulmonary infection rate was remarkably decreased to 32.8% (P<0.01). Length of stay in neurosurgical intensive care unit and average duration of hospitalization were reduced in the experimental group than the control group (P<0.01 and P<0.001). The score for evaluation of the performance efficiency of comprehensive airway management was 94.6±1.8.Conclusion Application of comprehensive airway management in coma patients can improve the characteristics of sputum,reduce the pulmonary infection rate,shorten duration of hospitalization,and improve the prognosis.

Key words: Critical Illness, Intensive Care Units, Tracheotomy, Airway Management