Objective To assess the incidence and risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting（PONV） in liver cancer patients,and to provide references for clinical nursing intervention. Methods We used consecutive sampling method to select liver cancer patients who underwent liver resection at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from October 2020 to April 2021. A total of 352 patients were prospectively studied. PONV was assessed after 2 hours,6 hours and 24 hours after surgery,respectively. Demographic data,disease information,and surgery information were collected to analyze the risk factors. Results The overall incidence of PONV in liver cancer was 48.30%（170 cases）,of which 58.82%（100 cases） developed within postoperative 2 hours,20.00%（34 cases） developed between 3-6 hours after surgery,and 21.18%（36 cases） developed between 7-24 hours after surgery. Logistic regression identified the female,length of surgery,PONV history or motion sickness history,time of portal vein occlusion≥15 min and age<60 years old as risk factors of PONV. Conclusion The incidence of PONV within 24 hours in liver cancer was high.Nurses should pay much attention to those who were female at a younger age,with longer surgery,PONV or motion sickness history,longer time of portal vein occlusion,and take preventive measures to avoid or reduce PONV.

Objective To evaluate and summarize the best evidence for non-pharmacological management of postoperative nausea and vomiting,and to provide evidence for clinical nurses to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. Methods We systematically searched for evidence on postoperative nausea and vomiting in databases such as UptoDate,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,CNKI,Website of Chinese Medical Association Anesthesia Branch,BMJ Best Practice,the Joanna Briggs Institute,Cochrane Library,etc. The retrieved evidence included clinical decision-making,guidelines,systematic reviews,etc. The search time limit is from the establishment of the databases to December 31,2020. There were 2 researchers evaluating the quality of the literature and extracting the data. Results A total of 20 articles were included in this study,including 1 clinical decision,3 guidelines,and 16 systematic reviews. Finally,8 pieces of evidence were summarized from 4 aspects,including risk assessment,routine management,non-pharmacological interventions,and cost-benefit analysis. Conclusion Our research summed the best evidence on the risk assessment and non-pharmacological management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. In the actual clinical application,it is necessary to fully consider the clinical situation,combine the judgment of professionals and the wishes of patients,follow the principle of individualization,analyze the obstacles and facilitating factors of the application of evidence,and apply the evidence to the clinical practice prudently.

Objective To identify types,constitution,distribution of symptom clusters among liver transplantation recipients,and analyze the influencing factors,so as to lay foundation for symptom management. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate 342 liver transplantation recipients’ symptom characteristics using two self-designed questionnaires. We adopted exploratory factor analysis to identify symptom clusters and analyzed the influencing factors by logistic multivariate regression analysis. Results The five most common symptoms of participants were fatigue（38.6%）,decreased memory（34.5%）,easy wakening up（33.5%）,difficulty in falling asleep（31.9%）,and dreaminess（28.1%）. Three symptom clusters were identified,including sleep-related symptom cluster,nervous system symptom cluster,and reduced activity tolerance symptom cluster. Liver cancer as the primary disease,and disease belief were the independent predictive factors of symptom clusters. Conclusion Liver transplantation recipients experienced complicated symptoms,which were mutually enhanced and existed as symptom clusters.Appropriate intervention should view a symptom cluster as an unit and assist patients to form correct recognition towards disease,to help patients involve disease management into individual and family’s normal activities.