To summarize the nursing care of fecal microbiota transplantation in a patient complicated with pulmonary infection and pseudomembranous colitis after radical resection of rectal cancer. The main contents of nursing are as follows. The first stage is to prevent the aggravation of infection,including the observation and management of ileostomy and ostomy fluid,respiratory function exercise,early functional exercise,nutritional support,and disease observation. The second stage is the care of fecal microbiota transplantation,including preparation for transplantation,the key points of nursing during transplantation,and nursing after transplantation. After careful nursing,the patient has recovered and discharged from the hospital. After 6-month follow-up,the ileostomy fluid was controlled at a normal level of 560-1 050 ml/d,with the enhanced self-care ability and the improved symptoms of anxiety and depression,and the quality of life was improved.