认知性访谈在精神科护士工作场所暴力管理能力量表构建中的应用

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.17.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨认知性访谈在精神科护士工作场所暴力管理能力量表构建中的应用。方法基于4R危机管理理论、半结构式访谈、专家咨询形成初版精神科护士工作场所暴力管理能力量表。于2022年4月—6月，采用目的抽样法，选取广州市某精神专科医院的24名精神科护士作为访谈对象，共进行了3轮认知性访谈，了解目标人群对于量表的理解程度及建议，并进行研究团队的讨论修订。通过便利抽样法，于2022年7月—9月，选取453例在广州市某精神专科医院工作的精神科护士进行量表测量学检验，并形成最终版量表。结果第1轮认知性访谈对存在疑义的8个条目进行讨论修改；第2轮访谈对1个有疑义的条目进行修订；第3轮认知性访谈所有受访者均能正确理解条目内容且无疑义。最终版量表包括44个条目，6个维度，量表总的Cronbach’s α系数为0.983，平均内容效度指数为0.969，具有良好的信效度。结论通过认知性访谈，了解了精神科护士对于量表的理解程度，对量表中难以理解、不舒适、不相关的表述进行了修改，极大提高了量表的科学性与准确性。

关键词: 认知性访谈, 量表编制, 精神科, 工作场所暴力, 暴力管理能力, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective To explore the application of cognitive interviews in the development of Workplace Violence Management Ability Scale for Psychiatric Nurses. Methods The first version of the Workplace Violence Management Ability Scale for Psychiatric Nurses was formed based on 4R crisis management theory，semi-structured interviews and expert consultation. From April to June 2022，a total of 24 psychiatric nurses from a psychiatric hospital in Guangzhou were selected as interviewees by the purposive sampling method. A total of 3 rounds of cognitive interviews were conducted to understand the target population’s understanding of the scale and suggestions，and the research team discussed and revised it. After the revision，a total of 453 psychiatric nurses in Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital from July to September 2022 were selected by convenience sampling for scale measurement test and the final version of the scale was formed. Results In the first round of cognitive interview，8 items with doubts were discussed and revised. After the second round of interview，a suspicious item was revised. In the third round of cognitive interview，all the interviewees could understand the items correctly and clearly. The final version of the scale included 44 items and 6 dimensions. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.983，and the average content validity index of the total scale was 0.969. The scale had good reliability and validity. Conclusion Through the use of cognitive interview，we understood the psychiatric nurses’ understanding of the scale，modified the incomprehensible，uncomfortable and irrelevant expressions in the scale，and greatly improved the scientific nature and accuracy of the scale.

Key words: Cognitive Interview, Scale Development, Psychiatry, Violence in Workplace, Capacity to Manage Violence, Nursing Administration Research

王浩云, 高云, 叶君荣, 肖爱祥. 认知性访谈在精神科护士工作场所暴力管理能力量表构建中的应用[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(17): 2126-2133.

WANG Haoyun, GAO Yun, YE Junrong, XIAO Aixiang. Application of cognitive interview in the construction of Workplace Violence Management Ability Scale for Psychiatric Nurses[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(17): 2126-2133.

图/表 4

表1 受访者的一般资料（n=24）

Table 1 General information of the respondents（n=24）

表2 第1轮认知性访谈精神科护士工作场所暴力管理能力量表条目问题及修订方案

Table 2 Items with doubts and revision plan of the Psychiatric Nurses’ Workplace Violence Management Ability Scale in the first round of cognitive interview

表3 第2轮认知性访谈精神科护士工作场所暴力管理能力量表条目问题及修订方案

Table 3 Items with doubts and revision plan of the Psychiatric Nurses’ Workplace Violence Management Ability Scale in the second round of cognitive interview

表4 精神科护士工作场所暴力管理能力量表探索性因子分析结果（n=453）

Table 4 Results of exploratory factor analysis of Workplace Violence Management Ability Scale for Psychiatric Nurses（n=453）

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