感觉运动训练在老年精神分裂症患者中的应用效果

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨感觉运动训练对老年精神分裂症患者认知水平、自我效能和日常生活能力的干预效果。方法选择2020年1月—12月在无锡市某精神卫生中心老年精神科住院的患者作为研究对象,将60例患者以住院号尾号分组,双号为试验组（30例）,单号为对照组（30例）,两组住院期间均予以常规训练和健康教育,试验组在对照组基础上进行感觉运动训练,共4个训练模块,训练10周、共30次。采用中文版简易智能状态检查表评定患者认知水平,采用自我效能量表评定患者自我效能水平,采用护士用住院患者观察量表评定患者病情和行为障碍,采用改良Barthel指数评定患者日常生活活动能力。结果干预后10周,试验组中文版简易智能状态检查表总分高于对照组,其中定向力、记忆力、注意力和计算力评分明显高于干预前,自我效能水平高于对照组,护士用住院患者观察量表因子分社会能力、社会兴趣、个人整洁高于对照组,而护士用住院患者观察量表因子分激惹、精神病性表现、退缩和抑郁低于对照组,改良Barthel指数评分除大便评分无明显改变,其余评分均高于对照组,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论感觉运动训练能提高老年精神分裂症患者认知水平、自我效能和日常生活能力。

关键词: 感觉运动训练, 康复护理, 精神分裂症, 自我效能, 日常生活能力

Abstract:

Objective To explore the intervention effect of sensorimotor training on self-efficacy and activity of daily living（ADL） of elderly patients with schizophrenia. Methods 60 patients were divided into 2 groups according to their admission number. Patients whose last admission number was even number were assigned to the experimental group（n=30）,and the patients with odd number were assigned to the control group（n=30）. The experimental group received 10-week and 30-time sensorimotor training including 4 training modules based on the routine training and health education,whereas the control group received routine training and health education. Mini-mental State Examination（MMSE） was used to assess cognitive level of patients;the self-efficacy of patients was evaluated by General Self-efficacy Scale（GSES）;Nurses’ Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation（NOSIE） was adopted to evaluate the condition and behavioral disorder of patients;Modified Barthel Index（MBI） was used to assess the ability of daily living of patients. Those scales were all used before and after the intervention. Results 10 weeks after the intervention,the scores of GSES in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,among which the scores of orientation,memory,attention and calculation were significantly higher than those before the intervention. The factor scores of social ability,social interest and personal tidiness in NOSIE were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the factor scores of irritability,psychotic manifestations,withdrawal and depression in NOSIE were significantly lower than those in the control group. Scores of MBI were significantly higher than those in the control group except for defecation factor（P<0.05）. Conclusion The sensorimotor training can improve the level of self-efficacy and the ability of ADL in elderly patients with schizophrenia.

Key words: Sensorimotor Training, Rehabilitation Nursing, Schizophrenia, Self-Efficacy, Activity of Daily Living

蒋菊芳, 陆江波, 裴建琴, 钱维, 郭琳萍, 唐群华. 感觉运动训练在老年精神分裂症患者中的应用效果[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(2): 151-157.

JIANG Jufang, LU Jiangbo, PEI Jianqin, QIAN Wei, GUO Linping, TANG Qunhua. Effect of sensorimotor training in elderly patients with schizophrenia[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2022, 57(2): 151-157.

图/表 5

表1 两组一般资料比较

Table 1 Comparison of general data between the two roups

表2 干预前后两组一般自我效能量表评分比较(分,$\bar{x}\pm s$）

Table 2 Comparison of self-efficacy scores between two groups before and after interventio（score,$\bar{x}\pm s$）

表3 干预前后两组中文版简易智能状态检查表评分比较(分,$\bar{x}\pm s$）

Table 3 Comparison of Mini-mental State Examination scores between two groups before and after intervention（score,$\bar{x}\pm s$）

表4 干预前后两组护士用住院患者观察量表因子分评分比较(分,$\bar{x}\pm s$）

Table 4 Comparison of Nurses, Observation Scael for Inpatient Evaluation factor scores between two groups before and after intervention（score,$\bar{x}\pm s$）

表5 干预前后两组改良Barthel指数评分比较(分,$\bar{x}\pm s$）

Table 5 Comparison of modified Barthel index scores between two groups before and after intervention（score,$\bar{x}\pm s$）

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