疾病认知干预对功能性消化不良患者康复效果的影响

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.23.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨基于Meleis转变理论的疾病认知干预对功能性消化不良患者康复效果的影响。方法便利选取2021年7月—10月在四川省南充市某三级甲等医院消化科门诊就诊的120例功能性消化不良患者作为研究对象，根据SPSS 22.0软件生成的随机数字将其分为试验组和对照组，各60例，分别以20例为一组建立微信群。试验组在门诊常规护理的基础上，接受基于Meleis转变理论的疾病认知干预；对照组接受门诊常规护理，干预结束时通过微信群接收相关健康宣教信息，干预时长为8周。采用简易版疾病认知问卷、消化不良症状严重度量表、情感平衡量表、尼平消化不良指数简表等收集资料，比较两组干预前后对疾病的认知水平、症状严重程度、情感平衡情况以及健康相关生活质量。结果试验组无失访病例，对照组失访3例。组内比较结果显示，干预后两组对疾病的认知水平、健康相关生活质量均高于干预前，症状严重程度低于干预前，情感平衡情况优于干预前，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。组间比较，干预后试验组对疾病的认知水平、健康相关生活质量均高于对照组，症状严重程度低于对照组，情感平衡情况优于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论实施基于Meleis转变理论的疾病认知干预有助于提高功能性消化不良患者对疾病的认知水平，减轻症状及消极情绪，提升其健康相关生活质量。

关键词: 功能性消化不良, 护理理论, 认知行为疗法, 生活质量, 康复护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effect of illness perception interventions based on Meleis’s transitions theory on the rehabilitation of patients with functional dyspepsia. Methods 120 patients with functional dyspepsia were selected by convenient sampling in the outpatient department of gastroenterology of a tertiary A hospital in Nanchong，Sichuan Province from July to October 2021. They were divided into a control group and an experimental group with 60 cases in each group by SPSS 22.0 random number table method，and 20 cases were taken as a group to establish a Wechat group respectively. On the basis of routine outpatient care，the experimental group received illness perception interventions based on Meleis’s transitions theory；the control group received routine outpatient care and received relevant health education information through WeChat group. The duration of the intervention was 8 weeks. Data were collected by the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire，Dyspepsia Symptoms Severity，the Affect Balance Scale，Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Short Form and so on. The cognitive level of disease，dyspepsia symptom severity，emotional balance and health-related quality of life of the 2 groups were compared before and after intervention. Results In the control group，3 cases were lost to follow-up. The cognitive level of disease and health-related quality of life of intra-group comparison and post-intervention comparison between the 2 groups were higher than those before the intervention；the severity of symptoms was lower than that before the intervention；the emotional balance was better than that before the intervention. The difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. After the intervention，the cognitive level of disease and health-related quality of life in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group；the severity of symptoms was lower than that in the control group；the emotional balance was better than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant（P<0.001）. Conclusion The illness perception intervention based on Meleis’s transitions theory is helpful to improve the cognitive level of disease in patients with functional dyspepsia，to reduce symptoms and negative emotions，and to improve health-related quality of life.

Key words: Functional Dyspepsia, Nursing Theory, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Quality of Life, Reha-bilitation Nursing

雍桂珍, 王晓霞, 欧阳艳艳, 王萍, 贺国斌. 疾病认知干预对功能性消化不良患者康复效果的影响[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(23): 2857-2863.

YONG Guizhen, WANG Xiaoxia, OUYANG Yanyan, WANG Ping, HE Guobin. Effect of illness perception intervention on rehabilitation efficacy of patients with functional dyspepsia[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2022, 57(23): 2857-2863.

图/表 4

表1 基于Meleis转变理论的功能性消化不良患者疾病认知干预方案

Table 1 Illness perception nursing intervention program for patients with functional dyspepsia based on Meleis’s transitions theory

表2 两组一般资料比较

Table 2 Comparison of general data between 2 groups

表3 两组简易版疾病认知问卷得分比较（分，$\bar{x}$±s）

Table 3 Comparison of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire scores before and after intervention between 2 groups（score，$\bar{x}$±s）

表4 两组消化不良症状严重度量表、情感平衡量表、尼平消化不良指数简表得分比较（分，$\bar{x}$±s）

Table 4 Comparison of DSS，ABS and NDI-SF scores before and after intervention between 2 groups（score，$\bar{x}$±s）

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