江苏省妇产专科医院护士共情疲劳的影响因素及路径分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.08.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查江苏省妇产专科医院护士共情疲劳的影响因素,并进一步探究影响因素间的作用路径。方法采用便利抽样法,于2021年1月—2月应用一般资料调查表、大五人格量表简版、社会支持评定量表、护士心理资本问卷修订版中文版、中文版同情疲劳量表对江苏省妇产专科医院715名护士进行调查。结果共回收问卷618份。子女情况、神经质和宜人性人格、社会支持和心理资本是影响共情疲劳的主要因素（P<0.05）;职称、工作年限、用工性质、外向性和经验开放性人格、社会支持和心理资本是影响共情满意的主要因素（P<0.05）。中介效应分析结果显示,神经质人格对共情疲劳或共情满意的间接效应成立[效应值（ES）=0.062,-0.420]。社会支持与心理资本在神经质人格与共情疲劳间起部分中介作用（ES=0.017）,占总间接效应的27.42%;在神经质人格与共情满意间起完全中介作用（ES=-0.112）,占总间接效应的26.67%。正性人格对共情疲劳或共情满意的间接效应成立（ES=-0.158,0.623）。社会支持与心理资本在正性人格与共情疲劳或共情满意间起完全中介作用（ES=-0.028,0.102）,占总间接效应的17.72%和16.37%。结论护理管理者应重视护士人格特质对共情疲劳、共情满意的影响,可通过增进社会支持和心理资本来提升共情水平。

关键词: 妇产专科医院, 共情疲劳, 人格, 心理资本, 社会支持, 影响因素分析, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of compassion fatigue（CF） among nurses in maternity hospitals,and then to further explore the impact path of factors. Methods 715 nurses in maternity hospitals from Jiangsu were investigated by the cross-sectional survey. A self-developed questionnaire,the Five-Factor Inventory,the Social Support Rate Scale,the Psychological Capital Questionnaire-Revision,and the Compassion Fatigue Scale were adopted to collect data. Results The number of children,personality of neuroticism and agreeableness,social support,and psychological capital are the influencing factors of CF（P<0.05）,while professional titles,length of services,labor relations,personality of extraversion and openness,social support and psychological capital influence compassion satisfaction（CS）（P<0.05）. In structural equation model,the indirect effects of neuroticism on CF or CS existed（ES=0.062,-0.420）. Social support and psychological capital play a partially mediating role in neuroticism and CF（ES=0.017）,accounting for 27.42% of the total indirect effects. They also play a completely mediating role in neuroticism and CS（ES=-0.112）,accounting for 26.67%. Positive personality had a significant indirect effect on CF or CS（ES=-0.158,0.623）,and social support and psychological capital serve as a completely mediating role between them （ES=-0.028,0.102）,accounting for 17.72% or 16.37% of the total indirect effects. Conclusion Nursing managers should take effective measures tailored to personality traits to help nurses meet high levels of social support and psychological capital,so as to promote CS and reduce CF.

Key words: Maternity Hospital, Compassion Fatigue, Personality Traits, Psychological Capital, Social Support, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Administration Research

丛胜楠, 张爱霞, 刘颖, 曾丽华, 樊雪梅, 王瑞, 沙利娟, 朱珠, 周晖, 湛洁. 江苏省妇产专科医院护士共情疲劳的影响因素及路径分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(8): 977-984.

CONG Shengnan, ZHANG Aixia, LIU Ying, ZENG Lihua, FAN Xuemei, WANG Rui, SHA Lijuan, ZHU Zhu, ZHOU Hui, ZHAN Jie. Analysis of influencing factors and impact path of compassion fatigue in nurses from maternity hospitals in Jiangsu[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2022, 57(8): 977-984.

图/表 7

表1 调查对象的一般资料及共情疲劳、共情满意得分比较（n=618）

Table 1 Sample characteristics and its relationship with compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction（n=618）

表2 调查对象大五人格量表简版、社会支持评定量表、护士心理资本问卷修订版中文版、中文版同情疲劳量表总分及各维度得分（分,$\bar{x}\pm s$,n=618）

Table 2 Scores of big five personality traits,psychological capital, social support,compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction（score,$\bar{x}\pm s$,n=618）

表3 大五人格、心理资本、社会支持和共情疲劳、共情满意的相关分析结果（r 值,n=618）

Table 3 Correlation among big five personality traits,psychological capital,social support,compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction（r value,n=618）

表4 共情疲劳、共情满意的多元线性逐步回归分析结果

Table 4 Multiple stepwise regression model of predictors of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction（n=618）

图1 神经质人格对共情疲劳、共情满意作用路径分析模型图

Figure 1 Structural equation model of neuroticism on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction

图2 正性大五人格对共情疲劳、共情满意作用路径分析模型图

Figure 2 Structural equation model of positive personality on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction

表5 大五人格与共情疲劳、共情满意间的中介效应（n=618）

Table 5 Structural equation model coefficients for compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction（n=618）

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